Hangenberg event

The Hangenberg event, also known as the Hangenberg crisis or end-Devonian extinction, is a mass extinction that occurred at the end of the Famennian stage, the last stage in the Devonian Period (roughly 358.9 ± 0.4 million years ago).^[1]^[2] It is usually considered the second-largest extinction in the Devonian Period, having occurred approximately 13 million years after the Late Devonian mass extinction (Kellwasser event) at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary. The event is named after the Hangenberg Shale, which is part of a sequence that straddles the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Rhenish Massif of Germany.^[3]

^ Kaiser, Sandra Isabella; Aretz, Markus; Becker, Ralph Thomas (2016). "The global Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian–Carboniferous transition): review of a first-order mass extinction". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 423 (1): 387–437. Bibcode:2016GSLSP.423..387K. doi:10.1144/SP423.9. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 131270834.
^ Becker, Ralph Thomas; Kaiser, Sandra Isabella; Aretz, Markus (2016). "Review of chrono-, litho- and biostratigraphy across the global Hangenberg Crisis and Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 423 (1): 355–386. Bibcode:2016GSLSP.423..355B. doi:10.1144/SP423.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 131491081.
^ "Kaiser, S.I., Steuber, T., Becker, R.T. & Joachimski, M.M. 2006. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240, 146–160" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2009.

[:0-1] Kaiser, Sandra Isabella; Aretz, Markus; Becker, Ralph Thomas (2016). "The global Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian–Carboniferous transition): review of a first-order mass extinction". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 423 (1): 387–437. Bibcode:2016GSLSP.423..387K. doi:10.1144/SP423.9. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 131270834.

[:5-2] Becker, Ralph Thomas; Kaiser, Sandra Isabella; Aretz, Markus (2016). "Review of chrono-, litho- and biostratigraphy across the global Hangenberg Crisis and Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 423 (1): 355–386. Bibcode:2016GSLSP.423..355B. doi:10.1144/SP423.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 131491081.

[3] "Kaiser, S.I., Steuber, T., Becker, R.T. & Joachimski, M.M. 2006. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240, 146–160" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2009.

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