Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup H map
Possible time of origin	~48,500 ybp
Possible place of origin	South Asia or West Asia[1] or Southern Central Asia[2][3]
Ancestor	HIJK
Descendants	H1 (L902/M3061); H2 (P96); H3 (Z5857)
Defining mutations	L901/M2939
Highest frequencies	South Asians and Roma

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), also known as H-L901/M2939, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

The primary branch H1 (H-M69) and its subclades is one of the most predominant haplogroups amongst populations in South Asia, particularly its descendant H1a1 (M52). A primary branch of H-M52, H1a1a (H-M82), is found commonly among the Roma, who originated in South Asia and migrated into the Middle East and Europe, around the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE, and the Khmer people who got under influence from Indian populations.^[4] The much rarer primary branch H3 (Z5857) is also concentrated in South Asia.

However, the primary branch H2 (P96) seems to have been found in sparse levels primarily in Europe and West Asia since prehistory. It has been found in remains of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB), which is part of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant, dating to c. 10,800 – c. 8,500 years ago, and also the later Linear Pottery culture and Neolithic Iberia.^[5][6] H2 likely entered Europe during the Neolithic with the spread of agriculture.^[6][7] Its present distribution is made up of various individual cases spread out throughout Europe and West Asia today.^[8]