Haramiyida

Haramiyida Temporal range: Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous, 216.5–125 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Maastrichtian record
Lower jaw and restoration of Haramiyavia, a basal haramiyidan from the Triassic of Greenland
Skull of Xianshou, a euharamiyidan from the Jurassic of China
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Clade:	Cynodontia
Clade:	Mammaliaformes
Order:	†Haramiyida Hahn, Sigogneau-Russell & Wouters, 1989
Subgroups
†Kalaallitkigun †Kollikodon?[1] †Haramiyoidea †Haramiyidae †Allostaffia? †Avashishta? †Eoraetica †Hypsiprymnopsis? †Thomasia †Haramiyaviidae †Haramiyavia †Kirtlingtonia †Avashishta? †Hahnodontidae †Cifelliodon †Denisodon †Hahnodon †Hahnotheriidae †Hahnotherium †Theroteinida †Theroteinidae †Theroteinus †Euharamiyida ?†Gondwanatheria

Haramiyida is a possibly polyphyletic order of mammaliaform cynodonts or mammals of controversial taxonomic affinites.^[2] Their teeth, which are by far the most common remains, resemble those of the multituberculates. However, based on Haramiyavia, the jaw is less derived; and at the level of evolution of earlier basal mammals like Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium, with a groove for ear ossicles on the dentary.^[3] Some authors have placed them in a clade with Multituberculata dubbed Allotheria within Mammalia.^[4][5] Other studies have disputed this and suggested the Haramiyida were not crown mammals, but were part of an earlier offshoot of mammaliaformes instead.^[6] It is also disputed whether the Late Triassic species are closely related to the Jurassic and Cretaceous members belonging to Euharamiyida/Eleutherodontida, as some phylogenetic studies recover the two groups as unrelated, recovering the Triassic haramiyidians as non-mammalian cynodonts, while recovering the Euharamiyida as crown-group mammals closely related to multituberculates.^[7]