Health effects of pesticides

Pesticide toxicity
Pesticide toxicity
	A sign warning about potential pesticide exposure.
Specialty	Emergency medicine, toxicology

Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed.^[1] Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency.^[2] Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death,^[3] neurodevelopmental disorder,^[4] cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease.^[5] Toxicity of pesticides depend on the type of chemical, route of exposure, dosage, and timing of exposure.^[5]

According to The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001), 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent chemicals were pesticides,^[6]^[7] so many have now been withdrawn from use.

^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (August 30, 2007), Pesticides: Health and Safety. National Assessment of the Worker Protection Workshop #3.
^ Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH (February 2008). "Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning". Lancet. 371 (9612): 597–607. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61202-1. PMC 2493390. PMID 17706760.
^ Sanborn M, Kerr KJ, Sanin LH, Cole DC, Bassil KL, Vakil C (October 2007). "Non-cancer health effects of pesticides: systematic review and implications for family doctors". Canadian Family Physician. 53 (10): 1712–1720. PMC 2231436. PMID 17934035.
^ Jurewicz J, Hanke W (2008). "Prenatal and childhood exposure to pesticides and neurobehavioral development: review of epidemiological studies". International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 21 (2): 121–132. doi:10.2478/v10001-008-0014-z. PMID 18614459.
^ ^a ^b Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA (January 2017). "Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects". The Science of the Total Environment. 575: 525–535. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.575..525K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009. PMID 27614863.
^ "What are POPs?". Pops.int. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
^ Cite error: The named reference Gilden-risks was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (August 30, 2007), Pesticides: Health and Safety. National Assessment of the Worker Protection Workshop #3.

[2] Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH (February 2008). "Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning". Lancet. 371 (9612): 597–607. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61202-1. PMC 2493390. PMID 17706760.

[CFP07b-3] Sanborn M, Kerr KJ, Sanin LH, Cole DC, Bassil KL, Vakil C (October 2007). "Non-cancer health effects of pesticides: systematic review and implications for family doctors". Canadian Family Physician. 53 (10): 1712–1720. PMC 2231436. PMID 17934035.

[4] Jurewicz J, Hanke W (2008). "Prenatal and childhood exposure to pesticides and neurobehavioral development: review of epidemiological studies". International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 21 (2): 121–132. doi:10.2478/v10001-008-0014-z. PMID 18614459.

[:4-5] Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA (January 2017). "Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects". The Science of the Total Environment. 575: 525–535. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.575..525K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009. PMID 27614863.

[What_are_POPs?-6] "What are POPs?". Pops.int. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2014-02-04.

[Gilden-risks-7] Cite error: The named reference Gilden-risks was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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