Back التهاب الدماغ الحلئي Arabic Encefalitis per herpes Catalan Herpes-simplex-Enzephalitis German Encefalitis herpética Spanish Encéphalite herpétique French Հերպեսային էնցեֆալիտ Armenian 単純ヘルペス脳炎 Japanese ହର୍ପେସ ଭୂତାଣୁ ଏନସେଫାଲାଇଟିସ OR Opryszczkowe zapalenie mózgu Polish Encefalite herpética Portuguese
| Herpes simplex encephalitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Herpes encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis |
 | |
| Coronal T2-weighted MR image shows high signal in the temporal lobes including hippocampal formations and parahippogampal gyrae, insulae, and right inferior frontal gyrus. A brain biopsy was performed and the histology was consistent with encephalitis. PCR was repeated on the biopsy specimen and was positive for HSV | |
| Specialty | Infectious diseases  |
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), or simply herpes encephalitis, is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus. It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year,[1] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births.[2]
About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores. According to a 2006 estimate, 57% of American adults were infected with HSV-1,[3] which is spread through droplets, casual contact and sometimes sexual contact, though most infected people never have cold sores. The rest of cases are due to HSV-2, which is typically spread through sexual contact and is the cause of genital herpes.
Two-thirds of HSE cases occur in individuals already seropositive for HSV-1, few of whom (only 10%) have history of recurrent orofacial herpes, while about one third of cases results from an initial infection by HSV-1, predominantly occurring in individuals under the age of 18.[1] Approximately half of individuals who develop HSE are over 50 years of age.[4]
The most common cause for encephalitis in children and adults is HSV-1. However, encephalitis found in newborns and immunocompromised individuals is mainly caused by HSV-2.[5]
- ^ a b Whitley RJ (September 2006). "Herpes simplex encephalitis: adolescents and adults". Antiviral Research. 71 (2–3): 141–148. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.002. PMID 16675036.
- ^ Kropp RY, Wong T, Cormier L, Ringrose A, Burton S, Embree JE, Steben M (June 2006). "Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Canada: results of a 3-year national prospective study". Pediatrics. 117 (6): 1955–1962. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1778. PMID 16740836. S2CID 9632498.
- ^ Xu F, Sternberg MR, Kottiri BJ, McQuillan GM, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, et al. (August 2006). "Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States". JAMA. 296 (8): 964–973. doi:10.1001/jama.296.8.964. PMID 16926356.
- ^ Whitley RJ, Gnann JW (February 2002). "Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens". Lancet. 359 (9305): 507–513. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07681-X. PMID 11853816. S2CID 5980017.
- ^ Ak, Ajith Kumar; Mendez, Magda D. (2023), "Herpes Simplex Encephalitis", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32491575, retrieved 2023-10-02
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