Hideki Tojo

Junior Second Rank Hideki Tojo
東條 英機
Tojo in 1941
Prime Minister of Japan
In office 18 October 1941 – 22 July 1944
Monarch	Shōwa
Preceded by	Fumimaro Konoe
Succeeded by	Kuniaki Koiso
President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association
In office 18 October 1941 – 22 July 1944
Vice President	Heisuke Yanagawa Kisaburō Andō Fumio Gotō
Preceded by	Fumimaro Konoe
Succeeded by	Kuniaki Koiso
Ministerial offices Minister of Munitions In office 1 November 1943 – 22 July 1944 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Ginjirō Fujiwara Minister of the Army In office 22 July 1940 – 22 July 1944 Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe Himself Preceded by Shunroku Hata Succeeded by Hajime Sugiyama Minister of Commerce and Industry In office 8 October 1943 – 1 November 1943 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Nobusuke Kishi Succeeded by Chikuhei Nakajima Minister of Education In office 20 April 1943 – 23 April 1943 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Kunihiko Hashida Succeeded by Nagakage Okabe Minister for Foreign Affairs In office 1 September 1942 – 17 September 1942 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Shigenori Tōgō Succeeded by Masayuki Tani Minister of Home Affairs In office 18 October 1941 – 17 February 1942 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Harumichi Tanabe Succeeded by Michio Yuzawa
Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
In office 21 February 1944 – 18 July 1944
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Hajime Sugiyama
Succeeded by	Yoshijirō Umezu
Personal details
Born	(1884-12-30)30 December 1884 Kōjimachi, Tokyo, Japan
Died	23 December 1948(1948-12-23) (aged 63) Sugamo Prison, Tokyo, Japan[a]
Cause of death	Execution by hanging[1]
Political party	Imperial Rule Assistance Association (1940–1945)
Other political affiliations	Independent (before 1940)
Spouse	Katsuko Ito ​ (m. 1909)​
Children	7
Relatives	Yuko Tojo (granddaughter)
Alma mater	Imperial Japanese Army Academy Army War College
Awards	Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd Class Order of the Sacred Treasure
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Branch/service	Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service	1905–1945
Rank	General
Commands	Kwantung Army (1932–1934)
Battles/wars	Russo-Japanese War World War I Russian Civil War Chinese Civil War Japanese invasion of Manchuria February 26 incident World War II Second Sino-Japanese War Operation Chahar
Criminal conviction
Criminal status	Executed
Convictions	Crimes against peace War crimes
Trial	International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Criminal penalty	Death
Details
Victims	Millions
Span of crimes	1937–1945
Country	Multiple countries across Asia
Targets	Chinese, Korean, Indochinese, Indonesian, Malaysian, Filipino, Australian, and other civilians Allied prisoners of war
Japanese name
Kana	とうじょう ひでき
Kyūjitai	東條 英機
Shinjitai	東条 英機
Transcriptions Romanization Tōjō Hideki

Part of a series on
Statism in Shōwa Japan
Organizations and factions Imperial Rule Assistance Association Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association Yokusan Sonendan National Spiritual Mobilization Movement League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War Great Japan Youth Party Shōwa Kenkyūkai Kōdōha Young Officers Movement Tōseiha National Foundation Society Black Ocean Society Cherry Blossom Society Japanese Committee on Trade and Information Fleet faction Yūzonsha
Events March Incident Mukden Incident Withdrawal from the League of Nations Imperial Colors Incident League of Blood Incident May 15 Incident Military Academy Incident Withdrawal from the Washington Naval Treaty February 26 Incident Marco Polo Bridge Incident State General Mobilization Law Tripartite Pact Formation of the Taisei Yokusankai Appointment of Hideki Tojo Pacific War Kyūjō incident Purge
Ideologies Fascism Totalitarianism Statism Shintaisei Kokutai Yamato-damashii Bushido Gekokujō Ultranationalism Corporatism State capitalism Militarism State Shinto Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Shōwa Restoration Hakkō ichiu Expansionism Propaganda Pan-Asianism
People Fumimaro Konoe Hideki Tojo Sadao Araki Ikki Kita Shūmei Ōkawa Uesugi Shinkichi Koki Hirota Nobusuke Kishi Nisshō Inoue Tanaka Chigaku Masanobu Tsuji Jinzaburō Masaki Kuniaki Koiso Hiranuma Kiichirō Kanji Ishiwara Kingoro Hashimoto
Atrocities Mass killings Manila massacre Bataan Death March Nanjing Massacre Sook Ching Hell ship Sexual slavery Use of chemical weapons Human experimentation Slavery Use of biological weapons
Media and literature Shinmin no Michi How Japan Plans to Win Momotaro: Sacred Sailors Momotarō no Umiwashi Moyuru ōzora The Most Beautiful "Ode of Showa Restoration"
Related American cover-up of Japanese war crimes Emperor system International Military Tribunal for the Far East Japanese history textbook controversies Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan Uyoku dantai
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Hideki Tojo (東條 英機, Tōjō Hideki, pronounced [toːʑoː çideki] ^ⓘ; 30 December 1884 – 23 December 1948) was a Japanese general and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944 during the Second World War. His leadership was marked by widespread state violence and mass killings perpetrated in the name of Japanese nationalism.

Born in Tokyo to a military family, Tojo was educated at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and began his career in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in 1905. He served as a military attaché in Germany from 1919 to 1922, and rose through the ranks to become a general in 1934. In March 1937, he was promoted to chief of staff of the Kwantung Army whereby he led military operations against the Chinese in Inner Mongolia and the Chahar-Suiyan provinces. Later in 1938, Tojo was recalled to Tokyo Second Sino-Japanese War to serve as vice-minister of the army. By July 1940, he was appointed minister of the army in the Japanese government under Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe.

On the eve of the Second World War's expansion into Asia and the Pacific, Tojo was an outspoken advocate for a preemptive attack on the United States and its European allies. Upon being appointed prime minister on 17 October 1941, he oversaw the Empire of Japan's decision to go to war against its Western rivals as well as its ensuing conquest of much of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands in the early years of World War II. During the course of the conflict, Tojo presided over numerous war crimes, including the massacre and starvation of thousands of POWs and millions of civilians.

After the war's tide decisively turned against Japan, Tojo resigned as prime minister on 18 July 1944. Following his nation's surrender to the Allied powers in September 1945, he was arrested, convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in the Tokyo Trials, sentenced to death, and hanged on 23 December 1948. To this day, Tojo's complicity in the July 1937 invasion of China, the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and numerous acts of mass murder have firmly intertwined his legacy with the Empire of Japan's warmongering brutality during the early Shōwa era.

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