Hieronymus Bosch | |
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Jheronimus Bosch | |
![]() Portrait of Hieronymus Bosch from the Recueil d'Arras | |
Born | Jheronimus van Aken c. 1450 |
Died | Buried on 's-Hertogenbosch, Duchy of Brabant, Habsburg Netherlands | 9 August 1516 (aged 65–66)
Known for | Painting |
Notable work | The Garden of Earthly Delights The Temptation of St. Anthony |
Movement | Early Netherlandish, Renaissance |
Signature | |
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Hieronymus Bosch (/haɪˈrɒnɪməs bɒʃ, bɔːʃ, bɔːs/;[1][2][3][4] Dutch: [ɦijeːˈroːnimʏz ˈbɔs] ;[a] born Jheronimus van Aken[5] [jeːˈroːnimʏs fɑn ˈaːkə(n)];[b] c. 1450 – 9 August 1516) was a Dutch painter from Brabant. He is one of the most notable representatives of the Early Netherlandish painting school. His work, generally oil on oak wood, mainly contains fantastic illustrations of religious concepts and narratives.[6] Within his lifetime, his work was collected in the Netherlands, Austria, and Spain, and widely copied, especially his macabre and nightmarish depictions of hell.
Little is known of Bosch's life, though there are some records. He spent most of it in the town of 's-Hertogenbosch, where he was born in his grandfather's house. The roots of his forefathers are in Nijmegen and Aachen (which is visible in his surname: Van Aken). His pessimistic fantastical style cast a wide influence on northern art of the 16th century, with Pieter Bruegel the Elder being his best-known follower. Today, Bosch is seen as a highly individualistic painter with deep insight into humanity's desires and deepest fears. Attribution has been especially difficult; today only about 25 paintings are confidently given to his hand[7] along with eight drawings. About another half-dozen paintings are confidently attributed to his workshop. His most acclaimed works consist of a few triptych altarpieces, including The Garden of Earthly Delights.
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