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High-speed rail in the United States

Map showing intercity passenger lines in the United States and their maximum speeds
Amtrak Acela train at Old Saybrook, Connecticut

Plans for high-speed rail in the United States date back to the High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965. Various state and federal proposals have followed. Despite being one of the world's first countries to get high-speed trains (the Metroliner service in 1969), it failed to spread. Definitions of what constitutes high-speed rail vary, including a range of speeds over 110 mph (180 km/h) and dedicated rail lines. Inter-city rail with top speeds between 90 and 125 mph (140 and 200 km/h) is sometimes referred to in the United States as higher-speed rail.[1]

Under the most common international definition of high-speed rail (speeds above 155 mph (250 km/h) on newly built lines and speeds above 124 mph (200 km/h) on upgraded lines), Amtrak's Acela is the United States' only true high-speed rail service, reaching 150 mph (240 km/h) over 49.9 mi (80.3 km) of track along the Northeast Corridor.[2] Acela trains will reach top speeds of 160 mph (255 km/h) when new trainsets enter service in 2024.[3] Other services, like Amtrak's Northeast Regional and Brightline, have a top speed of 125 mph (200 km/h) and are usually not considered high-speed rail.

Brightline, while marketing itself as high-speed rail, more closely meets the definition of higher-speed rail. Despite having a top speed of 125 mph (201 km/h) along 20 mi (32 km) of newly built track, most of the route is limited to a top speed of 110 mph (180 km/h) due to the presence of grade crossings.[4]

As of 2024, the California High-Speed Rail Authority is working on the California High-Speed Rail project and construction is under way on sections traversing the Central Valley. The Central Valley section, between Merced and Bakersfield, is planned to begin passenger service as soon as 2030.[5] Brightline West is a privately operated route that is currently under construction between the Las Vegas Valley and Rancho Cucamonga in the Greater Los Angeles area,[6] with service set to begin as soon as 2028.[7] Both projects received funding following the awarding of a federal grant of about $3 billion for each.[8][9]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference crs was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "New Acela Fleet | Amtrak". www.amtrak.com. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  4. ^ "110 mph: Brightline to launch high-speed train testing runs in Brevard County". Florida Today. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  5. ^ "2023 Project Update Report" (PDF). California High-Speed Rail Authority. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  6. ^ "Project Overview | Brightline West". www.brightlinewest.com. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  7. ^ "Construction to begin on high-speed rail between Vegas and California". Washington Post. April 20, 2024. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  8. ^ Lazo, Luz (December 5, 2023). "Las Vegas-S. California high-speed rail gets $3 billion federal grant". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  9. ^ Russell, Edward (December 8, 2023). "Biden Administration Unveils $8 Billion for Train Projects, With First U.S. High-Speed Rail Line". Skift. Retrieved April 20, 2024.

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