- Roman Kingdom 753–509 BC
- Roman Republic 509–44 BC
- Roman Empire 27 BC – AD 395
- Western Roman Empire 286–476
- Kingdom of Italy 476–493
- Ostrogothic Kingdom 493–536
- Eastern Roman Empire 536–546
- Ostrogothic Kingdom 546–547
- Eastern Roman Empire 547–549
- Ostrogothic Kingdom 549–552
- Eastern Roman Empire 552–751
- Kingdom of the Lombards 751–756
- Papal States 756–1798
- Roman Republic 1798–1799
- Papal States 1799–1809
- First French Empire 1809–1814
- Papal States 1814–1849
- Roman Republic 1849
- Papal States 1849–1870
- Kingdom of Italy 1870–1943
- Italian Social Republic 1943–1944
- Kingdom of Italy 1944–1946
- Italian Republic 1946–present
The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome. Roman history has been influential on the modern world, especially in the history of the Catholic Church, and Roman law has influenced many modern legal systems. Roman history can be divided into the following periods:
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