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The history of conservatism in the United States is different from many other forms of conservatism throughout the Western world. In the United States, the two major national political parties, Republicans and Democrats, have both historically supported republicanism and the classical liberal ideals on which the country was founded during the American Revolution and Revolutionary War, including liberty, the pursuit of happiness, rule of law, consent of the governed, fear of corruption, and equal rights before the law.[1] Political divisions inside the United States have historically been seen as comparatively minor compared to those in Europe, where the divide between the Left and the Right led to violent political polarization, starting with the French Revolution.[2]
While European conservatism historically has been supportive or associated with monarchy, an established church, or a hereditary aristocracy, these ideals have never been supported by American conservatives, who historically have opposed utopian ideas of progress.[3] As Patrick Allitt, a historian at Emory University, wrote in 2009, the primary difference between conservatives and liberals in the U.S. is not one of policy but of attitude.[4]
Unlike Canada and the United Kingdom, where national political parties carry the name "Conservative Party", no major U.S. political party is similarly named.[5] The Conservative Party of Virginia, founded in 1867, elected members to the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland and North Carolina. Since 1962, there has been a small Conservative Party of New York State. Following the American Civil War in the late 1860s, the former Whigs formed a Conservative Party in several Southern states, but they soon merged into state=based Democratic parties.[6]
- ^ Harrison, Brigid C. (January 1, 2016). Power and Society: An Introduction to the Social Sciences. Cengage Learning. pp. 47–49. ISBN 9781337025966. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
- ^ Arthur Aughey, Greta Jones, W. T. M. Riches, The Conservative Political Tradition in Britain and the United States (1992), p. 1: "there are those who advance the thesis that American exceptionalism means...there can be no American conservatism precisely because the American Revolution created a universally liberal society."
- ^ Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, p. 114, "Conservative ideas are, thus, more genuine and profound than many critics suggest, but such unity as they have is purely negative, definable only by its opposition and rejection of abstract, universal, and ideal principles..."
- ^ Allitt, Patrick (2009). The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History. Yale University Press. p. 278. ISBN 9780300155297.
- ^ Michael Kazin et al. eds. The Concise Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History (2011) pp 117-28.
- ^ Jack P. Maddex Jr. (2018). The Virginia Conservatives, 1867-1879: A Study in Reconstruction Politics. University of North Carolina Press. p. 13. ISBN 9781469648101. Archived from the original on 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2019-01-19.
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