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The oldest surviving manual on western swordsmanship dates back to the 14th century,[1] although historical references date fencing schools back to the 12th century.[2][3][4]
Modern fencing originated in the 18th century influenced by the Italian school of fencing of the Renaissance, and improved by the French school.[5][6]
- ^ "I.33 Medieval German Sword & Buckler Manual". ARMA. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
- ^ Sydney Anglo, The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe, 2000, p 7.
- ^ Julio Martinex Castello (1933). "A History of Fencing". The Theory and Practice of Fencing. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
- ^ "Historia de la Esgrima" (in Spanish). Educar.org. 1999-02-22. Archived from the original on 2004-04-17. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
- ^ Craig Harkins. "Fencing Online". Fencing.net. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
- ^ "A History of Fencing". library.thinkquest.org. Archived from the original on 2012-09-06. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
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