Horatio Alger

Horatio Alger
Born	(1832-01-13)January 13, 1832 Chelsea, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	July 18, 1899(1899-07-18) (aged 67) Natick, Massachusetts, U.S.
Pen name	Carl Cantab Arthur Hamilton Caroline F. Preston Arthur Lee Putnam Julian Starr
Occupation	Author
Language	English
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Harvard University
Genre	Children's literature
Literary movement	American Realism
Notable works	Ragged Dick (1868)
Relatives	William R. Alger (cousin)
Signature

Horatio Alger Jr. (/ˈældʒər/; January 13, 1832 – July 18, 1899) was an American author who wrote young adult novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to middle-class security and comfort through good works. His writings were characterized by the "rags-to-riches" narrative, which had a formative effect on the United States from 1868 through to his death in 1899.

Alger secured his literary niche in 1868 with the publication of his fourth book, Ragged Dick, the story of a poor bootblack's rise to middle-class respectability. This novel was a huge success. His many books that followed were essentially variations on Ragged Dick and featured stock characters: the valiant, hardworking, honest youth; the noble mysterious stranger; the snobbish youth; and the evil, greedy squire. In the 1870s, Alger's fiction was growing stale. His publisher suggested he tour the Western United States for fresh material to incorporate into his fiction. Alger took a trip to California, but the trip had little effect on his writing: he remained mired in the staid theme of "poor boy makes good". The backdrops of these novels, however, became the Western United States, rather than the urban environments of the Northeastern United States.