Horvat 'Ethri

Hurvat Itri
Hebrew: חורבת עתרי, Arabic: Umm Suweid
	Archaeological remains at Hurvat Itri
	Shown within Israel
Location	Jerusalem District, Israel
Region	Shephelah
Type	settlement
Area	max 10 dunam
Height	416
History
Periods	Second Temple period
Cultures	Second Temple Judaism, Roman
Associated with	Jews, Romans
Events	First Jewish-Roman War, Bar Kokhba Revolt
Site notes
Archaeologists	Boaz Zissu, Amir Ganor
Condition	Partially restored
Public access	Open year round
	"Horvat 'Ethri" is how the excavator, Boaz Zissu, transliterates the Hebrew name

31°38′58″N 34°58′19″E / 31.6494720°N 34.9720070°E / 31.6494720; 34.9720070 Horvat 'Ethri (Hebrew: חורבת עתרי; alt. spellings: Hurvat Itri, Ethri, Atari), Hebrew for "Ethri ruin", Arabic name: Umm Suweid ("mother of the buckthorns"),^[1] is an archaeological site situated in the Judean Lowlands in modern-day Israel. Excavations at the site uncovered the remains of a now partially restored Jewish village of the Second Temple period, wherein are preserved an ancient synagogue, wine presses, cisterns, ritual baths and stone ossuaries, as well as an underground hideout system.^[2]^[3] The village was violently destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt.^[2]

^ Thus, according to the old Palestine maps. According to Gustaf Dalman, however, the name Suwwēd also carries the connotation of plum, meaning "mother of the plums" (Dalman, Gustaf (2013). Work and Customs in Palestine. Vol. I/2. Translated by Nadia Abdulhadi Sukhtian. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. pp. 577–578. ISBN 9789950385-01-6. OCLC 1040774903.)
^ ^a ^b בועז זיסו ואמיר גנור, "חורבת עתרי - כפר יהודי מתקופת הבית השני בשפלת יהודה Archived 2013-10-08 at the Wayback Machine", קדמוניות 123(1), 2002, עמ' 18-27 [Hebrew]
^ Boaz Zissu & Amir Ganor, Horvat Ethri — A Jewish Village from the Second Temple Period and the Bar Kokhba Revolt in the Judean Foothills, Journal of Jewish Studies 60 (1), Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, London 2009, pp. 92—96.