Huang Zongxi

Huang Zongxi
黃宗羲
Huang Zongxi.
Born	(1610-09-24)September 24, 1610 Yuyao, Zhejiang, China
Died	August 12, 1695(1695-08-12) (aged 84) Yuyao, Zhejiang, China
Occupation(s)	Naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, soldier
Notable work	Waiting for the Dawn Record of the Ming Scholars
Children	Huang Baiyao Huang Zhengyi Huang Baijia
Parent	Huang Zongsu (father)
Relatives	Huang Zongyan (brother) Huang Zonghui (brother)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	黃宗羲
Simplified Chinese	黄宗羲
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Huáng Zōngxī Wade–Giles Huang2 Tsung1-hsi1 IPA [xwǎŋ tsʊ́ŋ.ɕí]
Taichong
Chinese	太冲
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Taìchōng
Debing
Chinese	德冰
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Débīng
Nanlei
Chinese	南雷
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Nánleí
Lizhou Laoren
Chinese	梨洲老人
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin lízhōu Lǎorén
Lizhou Shanren
Chinese	梨洲山人
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin lízhōu Shānrén

Huang Zongxi (Chinese: 黃宗羲; September 24, 1610 – August 12, 1695), courtesy name Taichong (太冲), was a Chinese naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, and soldier during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing.^[1]

He was the son an adherent of the Donglin Movement who died in prison. In 1626, the teenaged Huang became a disciple of the philosopher Liu Zongzhou. In 1631, he started studying Chinese history. Huang was politically active as a Ming loyalist until his retirement in 1649, spending the rest of his life in study. A warrant for his arrest was issued after the rise to power of Ruan Dacheng, but he avoided capture through uncertain ways. He may have fled China to seek political refuge in Japan.

Huang's political text Waiting for the Dawn condemns selfish autocratic rule, and declares that the world should belong to the people. He argued that all laws and regulatory bodies should be an outgrowth of local needs, not imposed by leaders with a political agenda. He also described the need for a fiscal reform in the country, and a need for equitable land distribution.