Back هيدروكلورثيازيد Arabic هیدروکلروتیازید AZB Hidroclorotiazida Catalan Hydroclorothiasid Welsh Hydrochlorothiazid German Υδροχλωροθειαζίδη Greek Hidroclorotiazida Spanish Hidroklorotiazida Basque هیدروکلروتیازید Persian Hydroklooritiatsidi Finnish

Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide
Clinical data
Trade namesHydrodiuril, others
Other namesHCTZ, HCT
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682571
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: WARNING[2]Rx-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityVariable (~70% on average)
MetabolismNot significant[3]
Elimination half-life5.6–14.8 h
ExcretionPrimarily kidney (>95% as unchanged drug)
Identifiers
  • 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.367 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC7H8ClN3O4S2
Molar mass297.73 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=S(=O)(N)c1c(Cl)cc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)NCN2
  • InChI=1S/C7H8ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-2,10-11H,3H2,(H2,9,12,13) checkY
  • Key:JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up.[4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine.[4] Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness.[4] Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide medication which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions from the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, causing a natriuresis.[4][5] This initially increases urine volume and lowers blood volume.[6] It is believed to reduce peripheral vascular resistance.[6]

Potential side effects include poor kidney function, electrolyte imbalances, including low blood potassium, and, less commonly, low blood sodium, gout, high blood sugar, and feeling lightheaded with standing.[4]

Two companies, Merck & Co. and Ciba Specialty Chemicals, state they discovered the medication which became commercially available in 1959.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic drug[4] and is relatively affordable.[9] In 2021, it was the twelfth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 39 million prescriptions.[10][11]

  1. ^ "Hydrochlorothiazide Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 30 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  2. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  3. ^ Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M, Rosén A (May 1976). "Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of hydrochlorothiazide". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 19 (5 Pt 1): 531–537. doi:10.1002/cpt1976195part1531. PMID 1277708. S2CID 22159706.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Hydrochlorothiazide". Drugs.com. 15 November 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference wright was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Duarte JD, Cooper-DeHoff RM (June 2010). "Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics". Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 8 (6): 793–802. doi:10.1586/erc.10.27. PMC 2904515. PMID 20528637. NIHMSID: NIHMS215063.
  7. ^ Ravina E (2011). The evolution of drug discovery: from traditional medicines to modern drugs (1st ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 74. ISBN 9783527326693. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  9. ^ "Best drugs to treat high blood pressure The least expensive medications may be the best for many people". November 2014. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  10. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Hydrochlorothiazide - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

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