Hydroelectricity is a major source of electricity in Turkey, due to its mountainous landscape and many rivers. The country's main river basins are the Euphrates and Tigris. Over 700 hydropower plants have been built, and they make up about 30% of the country's electricity generating capacity. Annual generation varies greatly,[a] and in rainy years lots of hydroelectric power can be generated. Government policies have generally supported building dams, but some are controversial in neighbouring countries, and some raise concerns about damage to the environment and wildlife.[2]
In 2021, 56 terawatt-hours of hydroelectricity was generated, which was 17% of Turkey's total electrical generation,[3] from 31 GW of capacity.[4] According to analysts at S&P Global, when there is drought in Turkey during the peak demand for electricity in August, the aim of the State Hydraulic Works to conserve water for irrigation can conflict with the Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation's goal of generating electricity.[5] Although Turkey's energy strategy may change in the future, due to climate change causing more frequent droughts,[6] hydropower is predicted to remain important for load balancing with solar and wind power.[7]: 72 However little new capacity is expected to be built, as the Energy Ministry says hydropower has reached its limit.[8]: 24 Converting existing dams to pumped storage has been suggested as more suitable than building new pumped storage.[9]
- ^ "Hydro plants' electricity generation down 12 pct". Hürriyet Daily News. 2021-01-06. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06.
- ^ "Government to ease hydro plant construction for firms". Hurriyet Daily News. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
- ^ 2021 Yılı Elektrik Üretim-Tüketim Raporu [2021 Yearly Electricity Production-Consumption Reports (tab "Kaynaklara Göre" which means "by source". From the totals column divide "hydro" by "gross generation")] (2021 Yılı Elektrik Üretim-Tüketim Raporu.xlsx). Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (Technical report). Archived from the original on 2022-02-18. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
- ^ "2021 Hydropower Status Report". International Hydropower Association. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-12.
- ^ O'Byrne, David (2021-08-09). "Turkey faces double whammy as low hydro aligns with gas contract expiries". S&P Global Commodity Insights. Archived from the original on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
- ^ "Confronting climate change, Turkey needs "green" leadership now more than ever". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "Turkey Energy Outlook". Sabancı University Istanbul International Center for Energy and Climate. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ Türkiye national energy plan (PDF) (Report). Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. 2022.
- ^ Barbaros, Efe; Aydin, Ismail; Celebioglu, Kutay (2021-02-01). "Feasibility of pumped storage hydropower with existing pricing policy in Turkey". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 136: 110449. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110449. ISSN 1364-0321. S2CID 225161166. Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
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