Hydrogenosome

A hydrogenosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in some anaerobic ciliates, flagellates, and fungi. Hydrogenosomes are highly variable organelles that have presumably evolved from protomitochondria to produce molecular hydrogen and ATP in anaerobic conditions.^[1]

Hydrogenosomes were discovered in 1973 by D. G. Lindmark and M. Müller. Because hydrogenosomes hold evolutionary lineage significance for organisms living in anaerobic or oxygen-stressed environments, many research institutions have since documented their findings on how the organelle differs in various sources.^[2]

^ de Graaf RM, Duarte I, van Alen TA, Kuiper JW, Schotanus K, Rosenberg J, et al. (December 2009). "The hydrogenosomes of Psalteriomonas lanterna". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 287. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-287. PMC 2796672. PMID 20003182.
^ Lindmark, Donald G.; Müller, Miklós (1973-11-25). "Hydrogenosome, a Cytoplasmic Organelle of the Anaerobic Flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus, and Its Role in Pyruvate Metabolism". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 248 (22): 7724–7728. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)43249-3. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 4750424.

[:0-1] Graaf RM, Duarte I, van Alen TA, Kuiper JW, Schotanus K, Rosenberg J, et al. (December 2009). "The hydrogenosomes of Psalteriomonas lanterna". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 287. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-287. PMC 2796672. PMID 20003182.

[:1-2] Lindmark, Donald G.; Müller, Miklós (1973-11-25). "Hydrogenosome, a Cytoplasmic Organelle of the Anaerobic Flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus, and Its Role in Pyruvate Metabolism". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 248 (22): 7724–7728. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)43249-3. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 4750424.

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