Hydroxide

Hydroxide

Names
IUPAC name Hydroxide
Systematic IUPAC name Oxidanide (not recommended)
Identifiers
CAS Number	14280-30-9
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:16234
ChemSpider	936
PubChem CID	961
UNII	9159UV381P
InChI InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p-1
SMILES [OH-]
Properties
Chemical formula	OH−
Molar mass	17.007 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid	Water
Conjugate base	Oxide anion
Related compounds
Related compounds	O2H+ OH• O22− H2O
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH⁻. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO^• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group –OH of atoms is the hydroxy group. Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.