Hypernymy and hyponymy

Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym. The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym.^[5] For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen".^[6]

A core concept of hyponymy is type of, whereas instance of is differentiable. For example, for the noun "city", a hyponym (naming a type of city) is "capital city" or "capital", whereas "Paris" and "London" are instances of a city, not types of city.

^ "Umbrella Term Law and Legal Definition". uslegal.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Umbrella term is also called a hypernym
^ Alexander Dhoest (2016). LGBTQs, Media and Culture in Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 165. ISBN 9781317233138. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Hypernym can also be called an "Umbrella term"
^ Robert J. Sternberg (2011). Handbook of Intellectual Styles. Springer Publishing Company. p. 73. ISBN 9780826106681. Retrieved December 11, 2018. umbrealla term, or hypernym
^ Frank W. D. Röder (2011). The Roeder Protocol. Books on Demand. p. 77. ISBN 9783842351288. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Synaptic plasticity is a hypernym (umbrella term)
^ Brinton, Laurel J. (2000). The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction (Illustrated ed.). John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 112. ISBN 978-90-272-2567-2.
^ Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert (1998). Introduction to Language (6th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. ISBN 978-0-03-018682-0.^{[page needed]}

[1] "Umbrella Term Law and Legal Definition". uslegal.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Umbrella term is also called a hypernym

[2] Alexander Dhoest (2016). LGBTQs, Media and Culture in Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 165. ISBN 9781317233138. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Hypernym can also be called an "Umbrella term"

[3] Robert J. Sternberg (2011). Handbook of Intellectual Styles. Springer Publishing Company. p. 73. ISBN 9780826106681. Retrieved December 11, 2018. umbrealla term, or hypernym

[4] Frank W. D. Röder (2011). The Roeder Protocol. Books on Demand. p. 77. ISBN 9783842351288. Retrieved December 11, 2018. Synaptic plasticity is a hypernym (umbrella term)

[5] Brinton, Laurel J. (2000). The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction (Illustrated ed.). John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 112. ISBN 978-90-272-2567-2.

[6] Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert (1998). Introduction to Language (6th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. ISBN 978-0-03-018682-0.^{[page needed]}

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