Hyperphosphatemia

Hyperphosphatemia
Phosphate group chemical structure
Specialty	Endocrinology, nephrology
Symptoms	None, calcium deposits, muscle spasms[1]
Complications	Low blood calcium[1]
Causes	Kidney failure, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, tumor lysis syndrome, rhabdomyolysis[1]
Diagnostic method	Blood phosphate > 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL)[1]
Differential diagnosis	High blood lipids, high blood protein, high blood bilirubin[1]
Treatment	Decreasing intake, calcium carbonate[1]
Frequency	Unclear[2]

Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood.^[1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue.^[1] Often there is also low calcium levels which can result in muscle spasms.^[1]

Causes include kidney failure, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, tumor lysis syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis.^[1] Diagnosis is generally based on a blood phosphate levels of greater than 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL).^[1] Levels may appear falsely elevated with high blood lipid levels, high blood protein levels, or high blood bilirubin levels.^[1]

Treatment may include eating a phosphate low diet and antacids, like calcium carbonate, that bind phosphate.^[1] Occasionally intravenous normal saline or dialysis may be used.^[1] How commonly it occurs is unclear.^[2]