Inclusion map

In mathematics, if ${\displaystyle A}$ is a subset of ${\displaystyle B,}$ then the inclusion map is the function ${\displaystyle \iota }$ that sends each element ${\displaystyle x}$ of ${\displaystyle A}$ to ${\displaystyle x,}$ treated as an element of ${\displaystyle B:}$ $${\displaystyle \iota :A\rightarrow B,\qquad \iota (x)=x.}$$

An inclusion map may also referred to as an inclusion function, an insertion,^[1] or a canonical injection.

A "hooked arrow" (U+21AA ↪ RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK)^[2] is sometimes used in place of the function arrow above to denote an inclusion map; thus: $${\displaystyle \iota :A\hookrightarrow B.}$$

(However, some authors use this hooked arrow for any embedding.)

This and other analogous injective functions^[3] from substructures are sometimes called natural injections.

Given any morphism ${\displaystyle f}$ between objects ${\displaystyle X}$ and ${\displaystyle Y}$, if there is an inclusion map ${\displaystyle \iota :A\to X}$ into the domain ${\displaystyle X}$, then one can form the restriction ${\displaystyle f\circ \iota }$ of ${\displaystyle f.}$ In many instances, one can also construct a canonical inclusion into the codomain ${\displaystyle R\to Y}$ known as the range of ${\displaystyle f.}$