Insulin-like growth factor 1

IGF1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1B9G, 1GZR, 1GZY, 1GZZ, 1H02, 1H59, 1IMX, 1PMX, 1TGR, 1WQJ, 2DSR, 2GF1, 3GF1, 3LRI, 1BQT, 4XSS
Identifiers
Aliases	IGF1, IGF-I, IGF1A, IGFI, MGF, insulin like growth factor 1, IGF
External IDs	OMIM: 147440; MGI: 96432; HomoloGene: 515; GeneCards: IGF1; OMA:IGF1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q23.2 Start 102,395,874 bp[1] End 102,481,744 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10 C1|10 43.7 cM Start 87,694,127 bp[2] End 87,772,904 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pericardium tail of epididymis tendon of biceps brachii gastric mucosa superficial temporal artery seminal vesicula urethra caput epididymis corpus epididymis endometrium Top expressed in stria vascularis internal carotid artery efferent ductule external carotid artery iris left lobe of liver gallbladder stroma of bone marrow genital tubercle white adipose tissue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone activity insulin receptor binding growth factor activity integrin binding protein binding insulin-like growth factor receptor binding Cellular component extracellular region exocytic vesicle insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex platelet alpha granule lumen insulin-like growth factor ternary complex alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex plasma membrane extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding skeletal system development positive regulation of glucose import muscle organ development positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction response to heat positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration DNA replication positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling positive regulation of DNA binding Ras protein signal transduction cell population proliferation positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation ERK1 and ERK2 cascade negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway cell activation negative regulation of oocyte development positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated bone mineralization involved in bone maturation positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation positive regulation of MAPK cascade proteoglycan biosynthetic process positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria protein stabilization myotube cell development positive regulation of DNA replication myoblast proliferation skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration positive regulation of protein secretion positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation muscle hypertrophy protein kinase B signaling regulation of multicellular organism growth positive regulation of cell migration platelet degranulation positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling myoblast differentiation glycolate metabolic process positive regulation of glycolytic process negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process signal transduction positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation activation of protein kinase B activity insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression cellular response to amyloid-beta positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3479 16000 Ensembl ENSG00000017427 ENSMUSG00000020053 UniProt P05019 P05017 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000618 NM_001111283 NM_001111284 NM_001111285 NM_001111274 NM_001111275 NM_001111276 NM_010512 NM_184052 NM_001314010 RefSeq (protein) NP_000609 NP_001104753 NP_001104754 NP_001104755 NP_001104744 NP_001104745 NP_001104746 NP_001300939 NP_034642 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 102.4 – 102.48 Mb Chr 10: 87.69 – 87.77 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has anabolic effects in adults.^[5] In the 1950s IGF-1 was called "sulfation factor" because it stimulated sulfation of cartilage in vitro,^[6] and in the 1970s due to its effects it was termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity" (NSILA).^[7]

IGF-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.^[8][9] IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids in a single chain with three intramolecular disulfide bridges. IGF-1 has a molecular weight of 7,649 daltons.^[10] In dogs, an ancient mutation in IGF1 is the primary cause of the toy phenotype.^[11]

IGF-1 is produced primarily by the liver. Production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). Most of IGF-1 is bound to one of 6 binding proteins (IGF-BP). IGFBP-1 is regulated by insulin. IGF-1 is produced throughout life; the highest rates of IGF-1 production occur during the pubertal growth spurt.^[12] The lowest levels occur in infancy and old age.^[13][14]

Low IGF-1 levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, while high IGF-1 levels are associated with cancer. Mid-range IGF-1 levels are associated with the lowest mortality.

A synthetic analog of IGF-1, mecasermin, is used for the treatment of growth failure in children with severe IGF-1 deficiency.^[15] Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) is a metabolite of hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). It has a cyclic structure, lipophilic nature, and is enzymatically stable which makes it a more favourable candidate for manipulating the binding-release process between IGF-1 and its binding protein, thereby normalising IGF-1 function.^[16]