Interferon gamma

IFNG
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1EKU, 1FG9, 1FYH, 1HIG, 3BES
Identifiers
Aliases	IFNG, IFG, IFI, interferon, gamma, interferon gamma, IMD69
External IDs	OMIM: 147570; MGI: 107656; HomoloGene: 55526; GeneCards: IFNG; OMA:IFNG - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q15 Start 68,154,768 bp[1] End 68,159,740 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10 D2|10 66.75 cM Start 118,276,951 bp[2] End 118,281,797 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle granulocyte lymph node bone marrow cells appendix tibialis anterior muscle gallbladder blood spleen right lobe of liver Top expressed in embryo granulocyte ileum jejunum bone marrow spleen thymus duodenum urinary bladder thoracic segment of trunk More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function interferon-gamma receptor binding cytokine activity protein binding Cellular component extracellular region external side of plasma membrane perikaryon neuron projection cytoplasm extracellular space Biological process apoptotic process positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation cellular response to interleukin-18 antigen processing and presentation positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production positive regulation of interleukin-12 production positive regulation of autophagy positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of insulin secretion extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of the force of heart contraction regulation of neuronal action potential positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic response to virus positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis positive regulation of epithelial cell migration positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process neutrophil chemotaxis negative regulation of gene expression positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response cell surface receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of gene expression regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway defense response to bacterium defense response to virus positive regulation of neuron differentiation positive regulation of T cell proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of hepatocyte proliferation immune response regulation of immune response positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response neutrophil apoptotic process sensory perception of mechanical stimulus regulation of growth positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes positive regulation of exosomal secretion positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response negative regulation of interleukin-17 production cellular response to lipopolysaccharide T cell receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation negative regulation of myelination inflammatory cell apoptotic process positive regulation of interleukin-23 production positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cell population proliferation defense response to protozoan positive regulation of cell adhesion negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation regulation of glial cell proliferation positive regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation adaptive immune response humoral immune response regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of defense response to virus by host interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of protein deacetylation positive regulation of core promoter binding interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of protein import into nucleus microglial cell activation positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT positive regulation of glycolytic process astrocyte activation positive regulation of phagocytosis positive regulation of neurogenesis positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process neuroinflammatory response negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance positive regulation of neuron death positive regulation of cellular respiration positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation negative regulation of tau-protein kinase activity positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3458 15978 Ensembl ENSG00000111537 ENSMUSG00000055170 UniProt P01579 P01580 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000619 NM_008337 RefSeq (protein) NP_000610 NP_032363 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 68.15 – 68.16 Mb Chr 10: 118.28 – 118.28 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Interferon gamma
Crystal structure of a biologically active single chain mutant of human interferon gamma
Identifiers
Symbol	IFN gamma
Pfam	PF00714
Pfam clan	CL0053
InterPro	IPR002069
SCOP2	1rfb / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Interferon gamma

Clinical data
Trade names	Actimmune
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601152
ATC code	L03AB03 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name Human interferon gamma-1b
CAS Number	98059-61-1 Y
DrugBank	DB00033 N
ChemSpider	none
UNII	21K6M2I7AG
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201564 N
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C761H1206N214O225S6
Molar mass	17145.65 g·mol−1
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Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.^[5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.^[6] It was also shown to be produced in human lymphocytes.^[7] or tuberculin-sensitized mouse peritoneal lymphocytes^[8] challenged with Mantoux test (PPD); the resulting supernatants were shown to inhibit growth of vesicular stomatitis virus. Those reports also contained the basic observation underlying the now widely employed interferon gamma release assay used to test for tuberculosis. In humans, the IFNG protein is encoded by the IFNG gene.^[9][10]

Through cell signaling, interferon gamma plays a role in regulating the immune response of its target cell.^[11] A key signaling pathway that is activated by type II IFN is the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.^[12] IFNG plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Type II IFN is primarily secreted by CD4⁺ T helper 1 (Th1) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells. The expression of type II IFN is upregulated and downregulated by cytokines.^[13] By activating signaling pathways in cells such as macrophages, B cells, and CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells, it is able to promote inflammation, antiviral or antibacterial activity, and cell proliferation and differentiation.^[14] Type II IFN is serologically different from interferon type 1, binds to different receptors, and is encoded by a separate chromosomal locus.^[15] Type II IFN has played a role in the development of cancer immunotherapy treatments due to its ability to prevent tumor growth.^[13]