Interneuron

Interneuron
Interneuron
	Cartoon of a locust interneuron that integrates information about wind in order to control wing motor neurons during flight
Details
Location	Nervous system
Identifiers
MeSH	D007395
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_2534
TH	H2.00.06.1.00058
FMA	67313
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Interneurons (also called internuncial neurons, relay neurons, association neurons, connector neurons, intermediate neurons or local circuit neurons) are neurons that connect to brain regions, i.e. not direct motor neurons or sensory neurons. Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS).^[2] They play vital roles in reflexes, neuronal oscillations,^[3] and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.^{[citation needed]}

Interneurons can be further broken down into two groups: local interneurons and relay interneurons.^[4]^{[need quotation to verify]} Local interneurons have short axons and form circuits with nearby neurons to analyze small pieces of information.^[5] Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions.^[5] However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas.^[6] The interaction between interneurons allow the brain to perform complex functions such as learning, and decision-making.

^ Pearson, K. G. and Wolf, H. Connections of hindwing tegulae with flight neurones in the locust, Locusta migratoria. J. Exp. Biol. 135: 381-409, 1988
^ "Types of neurons - Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland". 9 November 2017.
^ Whittington, M.A; Traub, R.D; Kopell, N; Ermentrout, B; Buhl, E.H (2000). "Inhibition-based rhythms: Experimental and mathematical observations on network dynamics". International Journal of Psychophysiology. 38 (3): 315–36. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.6410. doi:10.1016/S0167-8760(00)00173-2. PMID 11102670.
^ Carlson, Neil R. (2013). Physiology of Behavior (11th ed.). Pearson Higher Education. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
^ ^a ^b Kandel, Eric; Schwartz, James; Jessell, Thomas, eds. (2000). Principles of Neural Science (4th ed.). New York City, New York: McGraw Hill Companies. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8385-7701-1.
^ Kepecs, Adam; Fishell, Gordon (2014). "Interneuron Cell Types: Fit to form and formed to fit". Nature. 505 (7483). Nature , 2014 HHS Public Access pp 10, 28: 318–326. doi:10.1038/nature12983. PMC 4349583. PMID 24429630.

[1] Pearson, K. G. and Wolf, H. Connections of hindwing tegulae with flight neurones in the locust, Locusta migratoria. J. Exp. Biol. 135: 381-409, 1988

[2] "Types of neurons - Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland". 9 November 2017.

[3] Whittington, M.A; Traub, R.D; Kopell, N; Ermentrout, B; Buhl, E.H (2000). "Inhibition-based rhythms: Experimental and mathematical observations on network dynamics". International Journal of Psychophysiology. 38 (3): 315–36. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.16.6410. doi:10.1016/S0167-8760(00)00173-2. PMID 11102670.

[4] Carlson, Neil R. (2013). Physiology of Behavior (11th ed.). Pearson Higher Education. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.

[Kandel,_E.R._2000_p._25-5] Kandel, Eric; Schwartz, James; Jessell, Thomas, eds. (2000). Principles of Neural Science (4th ed.). New York City, New York: McGraw Hill Companies. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8385-7701-1.

[6] Kepecs, Adam; Fishell, Gordon (2014). "Interneuron Cell Types: Fit to form and formed to fit". Nature. 505 (7483). Nature , 2014 HHS Public Access pp 10, 28: 318–326. doi:10.1038/nature12983. PMC 4349583. PMID 24429630.

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