Iron diplomacy

"Iron diplomacy" (Ukrainian: залізна дипломатія, romanized: zalizna dyplomatiia) refers to the practice of transporting world leaders from Poland through Ukraine via rail since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] The expression was coined by Oleksandr Kamyshin, the head of Ukrainian Railways, because many diplomats were being shuttled by train to and from Kyiv, the capital city, as the use of Ukrainian airspace was impractical due to the invasion.^[10]^[11]^[9] In addition, the first foreign leaders to visit Kyiv had decided to avoid travelling from Poland to Ukraine via a Polish military jet, in case Russia interpreted it as an escalating move.^[12] The journeys, including US President Joe Biden's 2023 visit, begin in Poland with a flight to Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport and then transfer to Przemyśl Główny railway station, where the visiting leaders board an overnight train to Kyiv.^[13]

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^ Lagache, Guy [director] (2022). Un président, l'Europe et la guerre [A President, Europe, and War] (Motion picture) (in French). France.

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[14] Lagache, Guy [director] (2022). Un président, l'Europe et la guerre [A President, Europe, and War] (Motion picture) (in French). France.

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