Back اللادينية في إيران Arabic Bezvěrectví v Íránu Czech بیدینی در ایران Persian Irreligiosità in Iran Italian 伊朗不信仰宗教的状况 Chinese
Irreligion in Iran has a long historical background, but is difficult to measure, as those who profess atheism are at risk of arbitrary detention, torture, and the death penalty.[2] Non-religious citizens are officially unrecognized by the Iranian government. In the official 2011 census, 265,899 persons did not state any religion (0.3% of total population).[3] Between 2017 and 2022, the World Values Survey found that 96% were Muslim with 1.3% of Iranians identified as atheistsm. However, in the 1999-2004 cycle, the WVS had found 1% identified as atheist.[4]
However, a 2020 social media-based survey by Gamaan found a much larger percentage of Iranians identifying as atheist (8.8%), and a larger fraction (22.2%) identifying as not following any religion.[5][6] The survey is however questionable as it used self-selecting participants, reached through social media and chain referrals.[7] For comparison, the same survey put the number of Muslims in Iran at 40.4%, and Zoroastrians at 7.7%.[5] The Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America put the number of Zoroastrians in Iran at up to 25,271 in 2012,[8] equivalent to 0.03% of an 87.6 million population.[9]
Under Iranian law, apostasy from Islam is punishable by death. Non-religious Iranians are officially unrecognized by the government, and one must declare oneself as a member of one of the four recognized faiths in order to avail oneself of many of the rights of citizenship.[10][11]
Citizens of the Islamic Republic of Iran are officially divided into four categories: Muslims, Zoroastrians, Jews and Christians. This official division ignores other religious minorities in Iran, notably the agnostics, atheists and Bahá'ís.[12]
- ^ a b National Population and Housing Census 2011 (1390): Selected Findings (PDF). The President’s Office Deputy of Strategic Planning and Control. Statistical Center of Iran. 2011. p. 8, table 3, graph 3. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
- ^ SCI (2011). Selected Findings of National Population and Housing Census Archived 2013-05-31 at the Wayback Machine. Tehran: Statistical Centre of Iran, p. 26, ISBN 978-964-365-848-9.
- ^ "WVS Database". World Values Survey. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
- ^ a b "Iranians' Attitudes Toward Religion: A 2020 Survey Report". Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in Iran (GAMAAN). Retrieved 2024-03-24.
- ^ Maleki, Ammar; Arab, Pooyan Tamimi (10 September 2020). "Iran's secular shift: new survey reveals huge changes in religious beliefs". The Conversation. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ Maleki, Ammar; Arab, Pooyan Tamimi (August 2020). "Iranian's attitudes toward religion - A 2020 survey report" (PDF). GAMAAN.
- ^ Rivetna, Roshan. "The Zarathushti World, a 2012 Demographic Picture" (PDF). Fezana.org.
- ^ "Iran", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2024-03-13, retrieved 2024-03-24
- ^ Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans. Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans (PAAIA)/Zogby, December 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
- ^ "Disparaging Islam and the Iranian-American Identity: To Snuggle or to Struggle". payvand.com. 21 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2022-03-26.
- ^ https://www.refworld.org/en/download/75515
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