Ismail al-Zahir

Names
	Ismail bin Abd al-Rahman bin Di-l-Nun

Ismail al-Zahir
Ismail al-Zahir
1st Emir of Toledo Taifa
Reign	1032 – 1043
Predecessor	Hisham III (as Caliph of Cordoba)
Successor	Yahya al-Mamun
Born	unknown date; Córdoba, Al-Andalus
Died	1043; Toledo, Al-Andalus, Taifa of Toledo (now part of Spain)
Burial	Toledo
Names
Names
	Ismail bin Abd al-Rahman bin Di-l-Nun
Dynasty	Dhulnunid (founder)
Father	Abd al-Rahman bin Di-l Nun
Religion	Islam

Ismail b. Abd al-Rahman b. Di-l-Nun (died 1043 in Toledo), also known as Ismaíl al-Zafir, Ismaíl az-Záfir or simply “Al-Zafir” (the victor) was the first ruler of the Taifa of Toledo from the Dhulnunid dynasty. He reigned from 1032 until his death in 1043 when he was succeeded by his son Al-Mamun.^[1]^[2]

^ Sayed, Zeinab Shawky. "Ṭulayṭula: Capital de la cultura árabe medieval". Un Mundo, Muchas Miradas (2). Universidad del País Vasco. ISSN 1889-2663.
^ Tormo Martín de Vidales, Pilar (1997–1998). "El Islam y Toledo" (PDF). Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico (1–2): 25–31. ISSN 1575-653X.

[“Sayed”-1] Sayed, Zeinab Shawky. "Ṭulayṭula: Capital de la cultura árabe medieval". Un Mundo, Muchas Miradas (2). Universidad del País Vasco. ISSN 1889-2663.

[“Pilar”-2] Tormo Martín de Vidales, Pilar (1997–1998). "El Islam y Toledo" (PDF). Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico (1–2): 25–31. ISSN 1575-653X.

[1]

[2]