Isoflurane

Isoflurane
Clinical data
Trade names	Forane, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	FDA Professional Drug Information
License data	US DailyMed: Isoflurane;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3; ;
Routes of; administration	Inhalation
ATC code	N01AB06 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-2-Chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane; OR; (RS)-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether;
CAS Number	26675-46-7 ;
PubChem CID	3763;
IUPHAR/BPS	2505;
DrugBank	DB00753 ;
ChemSpider	3631 ;
UNII	CYS9AKD70P;
KEGG	D00545 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6015 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1256 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3020752 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.043.528
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C3H2ClF5O
Molar mass	184.49 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES FC(F)(F)C(Cl)OC(F)F;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H ; Key:PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Isoflurane, sold under the brand name Forane among others, is a general anesthetic.^[4] It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia; however, other medications are often used to start anesthesia, due to airway irritation with isoflurane.^[3]^[5] Isoflurane is given via inhalation.^[4]

Side effects of isoflurane include a decreased ability to breathe (respiratory depression), low blood pressure, and an irregular heartbeat.^[3] Serious side effects can include malignant hyperthermia or high blood potassium.^[4] It should not be used in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia in either themselves or their family members.^[3] It is unknown if its use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus, but use during a cesarean section appears to be safe.^[3]^[4] Isoflurane is a halogenated ether.^[6]

Isoflurane was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.^[4]^[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[8]^[9]

^ "Isoflurane Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Isoflurane 100% Inhalation Vapour, Liquid - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 29 October 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Forane- isoflurane inhalant". DailyMed. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
^ Kliegman R, Stanton B, St Geme J, Schor NF (2015). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (20 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 420. ISBN 9780323263528. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
^ Aglio LS, Lekowski RW, Urman RD (2015). Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review: Keywords, Questions and Answers for the Boards. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9781107681309. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
^ "Forane: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 11 February 2022.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

[Drugs.com_pregnancy-1] "Isoflurane Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.

[2] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

[Isoflurane_SmPC-3] "Isoflurane 100% Inhalation Vapour, Liquid - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 29 October 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2020.

[Forane_FDA_label-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Forane- isoflurane inhalant". DailyMed. Retrieved 11 February 2022.

[5] Kliegman R, Stanton B, St Geme J, Schor NF (2015). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (20 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 420. ISBN 9780323263528. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.

[6] Aglio LS, Lekowski RW, Urman RD (2015). Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review: Keywords, Questions and Answers for the Boards. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9781107681309. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.

[7] "Forane: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 11 February 2022.

[WHO21st-8] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[WHO22nd-9] World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

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