Back يعقوب البار Arabic يعقوب البار ARZ Jakez, eskob Jeruzalem Breton Jaume el Just (sant) Catalan Jakub Spravedlivý Czech Jakob den Retfærdige Danish Jakobus (Bruder Jesu) German Ιάκωβος ο Αδελφόθεος Greek Jakobo la Justulo Esperanto Santiago el Justo Spanish
James the Just | |
|---|---|
 Neo-Byzantine icon of James | |
| Apostle[1] and Martyr, Adelphotheos | |
| Born | Early 1st century |
| Died | 62 AD[2][3] or 69 AD[4] Jerusalem |
| Venerated in | All Christian denominations that venerate saints |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Feast | May 3 (Catholic), October 23 (Lutheran), (Episcopal Church (USA)), (Eastern Orthodox), December 26 (Eastern Orthodox) |
| Attributes | Red martyr, fuller's club; man holding a book |
| Controversy | There is disagreement about the exact relationship to Jesus.[a] |
James the Just, or a variation of James, brother of the Lord (Latin: Iacobus from Hebrew: יעקב, Ya'aqov and Greek: Ἰάκωβος, Iákōbos, can also be Anglicized as "Jacob"), was a brother of Jesus, according to the New Testament. He was the first leader of the Jerusalem Church of the Apostolic Age. Traditionally, it is believed he was martyred in AD 62 or 69 by being stoned to death by the Pharisees on order of High Priest Ananus ben Ananus. James, Joses, Simon, and Judas are mentioned as the brothers or siblings of Jesus as well as two or more unnamed sisters. (See Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3.)
Catholics and Orthodox Christians teach that James, along with others named in the New Testament as "brothers"[b] of Jesus, were not the biological children of Mary, mother of Jesus, but were possibly cousins of Jesus,[7] or step-brothers from a previous marriage of Joseph (as related in the non-canonical Gospel of James).[8][c]
The Catholic tradition holds that this James is to be identified with James, son of Alphaeus, and James the Less.[12] It is agreed by most that he should not be confused with James, son of Zebedee also known as James the Great.[1]
- ^ a b "Saint-James. Apostle, the Lord's brother". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 15 March 2024.
- ^ Eddy, Paul R.; Boyd, Gregory A. (2007). The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition. Baker Academic. p. 130. ISBN 9780801031144.
- ^ According to Josephus
- ^ According to Hegesippus, Clement of Alexandria, and Eusebius of Caesarea
- ^ Septuagint
- ^ Greek New Testament, Matthew 13:55: "οὐχ οὖτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός; οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται μαριὰμ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἰάκωβος καὶ ἰωσὴφ καὶ σίμων καὶ ἰούδας;"
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Catholic Answerswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Origen of Alexandria. "The Brethren of Jesus". Origen's Commentary on Matthew 10.17 in Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume IX. Retrieved 2008-09-18. "But some say, basing it on a tradition in the Gospel according to Peter, as it is entitled, or 'The Book of James', that the brethren of Jesus were sons of Joseph by a former wife, whom he married before Mary. Now those who say so wish to preserve the honour of Mary in virginity to the end…"
- ^ Longenecker, Dwight; Gustafson, David (2003). Mary: A Catholic Evangelical Debate. Gracewing Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 9780852445822. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
The perpetual virginity of Mary is a beautiful and fitting belief upheld by the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholics, as well as many Anglicans and Lutherans. Furthermore, it was defended not only by the ancient church fathers, but by Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, and the classic Anglican theologians. John Wesley also believed in the perpetual virginity of Mary, writing, "I believe he [Jesus Christ] was born of the blessed Virgin, who, as well after she brought him forth, continued a pure and unspotted virgin."
- ^ Richard R. Lorsch, All the People in the Bible (Eerdmans 2008, p. 283 ISBN 978-0-80282454-7)
- ^ Jackson, Gregory Lee, Catholic, Lutheran, Protestant: a doctrinal comparison. 1993 ISBN 978-0-615-16635-3 page 254
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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