James Francis Edward Stuart

James Francis Edward Stuart
Prince of Wales
Portrait from the studio of Alexis Simon Belle, c. 1712
Jacobite pretender
Pretence	16 September 1701 – 1 January 1766
Predecessor	James VII and II
Successor	"Charles III"
Born	(1688-06-10)10 June 1688 St. James's Palace, London, Kingdom of England
Died	1 January 1766(1766-01-01) (aged 77) Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal States
Burial	St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Spouse	Maria Clementina Sobieska ​ ​ (m. 1719; died 1735)​
Issue	Charles Edward Stuart Henry Benedict Stuart
House	Stuart
Father	James II of England
Mother	Mary of Modena
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature

James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766) ^[a] was the House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena, he was Prince of Wales and heir until his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. His Protestant half-sister Mary II and her husband William III became co-monarchs. As a Catholic, he was subsequently excluded from the succession by the Act of Settlement 1701.

Raised primarily in France and Italy, when his father died in September 1701 James claimed the thrones. As part of the War of the Spanish Succession, in 1708 Louis XIV of France backed a landing in Scotland on his behalf. This failed, as did further attempts in 1715 and 1719. Led by his elder son Charles Edward Stuart, the 1745 Rising was the last serious effort to restore the House of Stuart.
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