James Gibbons

His Eminence James Gibbons
Cardinal Archbishop of Baltimore
See	Archdiocese of Baltimore
Appointed	May 29, 1877 (coadjutor)
Installed	October 3, 1877
Term ended	March 24, 1921
Predecessor	James Roosevelt Bayley
Successor	Michael Joseph Curley
Other post(s)	Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere
Orders
Ordination	June 30, 1861 by Francis Kenrick
Consecration	August 15, 1868 by Martin John Spalding
Created cardinal	June 7, 1886 by Leo XIII
Rank	Cardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born	(1834-07-23)July 23, 1834 Baltimore, Maryland
Died	March 24, 1921(1921-03-24) (aged 86) Baltimore, Maryland
Previous post(s)	Bishop of Richmond (1872–77)
Motto	Emitte spiritum tuum (Send forth your spirit)
Signature

James Cardinal Gibbons (July 23, 1834 – March 24, 1921) was a senior-ranking American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as apostolic vicar of the Apostolic Vicariate of North Carolina from 1868 to 1872, bishop of the Diocese of Richmond in Virginia from 1872 to 1877, and as ninth archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Maryland from 1877 until his death.

Gibbons was consecrated a bishop on August 16, 1868, at the Baltimore Cathedral. The principal consecrator was Archbishop Martin J. Spalding. He was 34 years of age, serving as the first apostolic vicar of North Carolina. He attended the First Vatican Council in Rome where he voted in favor of defining the dogma of papal infallibility.

In 1872, Gibbons was named bishop of Richmond by Pope Pius IX. In 1877, Gibbons was appointed archbishop of Baltimore, the premier episcopal see in the United States. During his 44 years as Baltimore's archbishop, Gibbons became one of the most recognizable Catholic figures in the country. He defended the rights of organized labor and helped convince Pope Leo XIII to give his consent to labor unions. In 1886, Gibbons was appointed to the College of Cardinals, becoming the second cardinal in American history, after Cardinal John McCloskey, archbishop of New York.