Jethro (biblical figure)

In the Hebrew Bible, Jethro (/ˈdʒɛθroʊ/; Hebrew: יִתְרוֹ, Modern: Yītrō, Tiberian: Yīṯrō, lit. "His Excellence/Posterity"; Arabic: يثرون, romanized: Yaṯrūn) was Moses' father-in-law, a Kenite shepherd and priest of Midian,^[1] sometimes called Reuel (or Raguel).^[2] In Exodus, Moses' father-in-law is initially referred to as "Reuel" (Exodus 2:18) but afterwards as "Jethro" (Exodus 3:1). He was also identified as the father of Hobab in Numbers 10:29, though Judges 4:11 identifies him as Hobab.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Muslim scholars and the Druze identify Jethro with the prophet Shuayb, also said to come from Midian.^[6]^[7]^[8] For the Druze, Shuayb is considered the most important prophet, and the ancestor of all Druze.^[9]^[10]

^ Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.
^ Meyers, Carol (1 March 2018). Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version (Fifth ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-0-19-027605-8. Like the rest of the Pentateuch, Exodus contains contradictions and redundancies. For example, Moses' father-in-law is sometimes called Reuel and sometimes Jethro; and the mountain of revelation is Sinai in some passages and Horeb in others.
^ Harris, Stephen (20 January 2010). Understanding The Bible (8 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-07-340744-9. J names Moses' father-in-law as Reuel or Hobab, whereas E knows him as Jethro, priest of Midian.
^ "Judges 4 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". www.mechon-mamre.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
^ Hamilton, Victor P. (2008). Handbook on the Historical Books: Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemiah, Esther. Baker Publishing Group. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4412-0569-8. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^ Corduan, Winfried (2013). Neighboring Faiths: A Christian Introduction to World Religions. InterVarsity Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8308-7197-1.
^ Mackey, Sandra (2009). Mirror of the Arab World: Lebanon in Conflict. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-3933-3374-9.
^ Lev, David (25 October 2010). "MK Kara: Druze are Descended from Jews". Israel National News. Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
^ Blumberg, Arnold (1985). Zion Before Zionism: 1838–1880. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 201. ISBN 0-8156-2336-4.
^ Rosenfeld, Judy (1952). Ticket to Israel: An Informative Guide. p. 290.

[Harris-1] Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.

[2] Meyers, Carol (1 March 2018). Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version (Fifth ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-0-19-027605-8. Like the rest of the Pentateuch, Exodus contains contradictions and redundancies. For example, Moses' father-in-law is sometimes called Reuel and sometimes Jethro; and the mountain of revelation is Sinai in some passages and Horeb in others.

[Harris2010-3] Harris, Stephen (20 January 2010). Understanding The Bible (8 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-07-340744-9. J names Moses' father-in-law as Reuel or Hobab, whereas E knows him as Jethro, priest of Midian.

[4] "Judges 4 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". www.mechon-mamre.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2021.

[Hamilton_2008_p._121-5] Hamilton, Victor P. (2008). Handbook on the Historical Books: Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemiah, Esther. Baker Publishing Group. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4412-0569-8. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

[6] Corduan, Winfried (2013). Neighboring Faiths: A Christian Introduction to World Religions. InterVarsity Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8308-7197-1.

[7] Mackey, Sandra (2009). Mirror of the Arab World: Lebanon in Conflict. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-3933-3374-9.

[auto-8] Lev, David (25 October 2010). "MK Kara: Druze are Descended from Jews". Israel National News. Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 13 April 2011.

[Blumberg_1985_201-9] Blumberg, Arnold (1985). Zion Before Zionism: 1838–1880. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 201. ISBN 0-8156-2336-4.

[10] Rosenfeld, Judy (1952). Ticket to Israel: An Informative Guide. p. 290.

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