The Junius Pamphlet (German: Juniusbroschüre)[1] was a text written by Rosa Luxemburg in 1915 while she was in prison, against the brutality of the First World War.[2] The actual title of the work was The Crisis of German Social Democracy (German: Die Krise der Sozialdemokratie) but she used the pen-name “Junius” to avoid prosecution, and this became the basis of the work's popular name.[3] The name “Junius” was apparently a reference to Lucius Junius Brutus, a hero of the Roman Republic.[4] The pseudonym also echoed a name used to sign political polemics against King George III of England, known as the Letters of Junius.[1][5]
Luxemburg had the work smuggled out of prison and it was first published in 1916 in Zürich, Switzerland. Her critique of the collapse of the Second International in the face of world war proved influential among political activists looking for a way of reconstituting a revolutionary Marxist movement.[5] Because it was published anonymously, some early editions mistakenly attributed authorship jointly to Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and Franz Mehring.[6]
- ^ a b Whitehall, Deborah (August 2016). "A Rival History of Self-Determination". European Journal of International Law. 27 (3): 713–743. doi:10.1093/ejil/chw042. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ "The Life of Rosa Luxemburg". rosalux.de. Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ Angus, Ian. "The origin of Rosa Luxemburg's slogan 'socialism or barbarism'". marcismocritico.com. Marxismo Critico. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Fordhamwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Hudis, Peter; Anderson, Kevin B. (2004). The Rosa Luxemburg Reader (PDF). New York: Monthly Review Press. p. 312. ISBN 158367103X. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ Luxemburg, Rosa (1919). The crisis in the German social-democracy : (the "Junius" pamphlet). New York: Socialist Publication Society. p. 6. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
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