Katla (volcano)

Katla
Katla
	Katla eruption, 1918
Highest point
Elevation	1,512 m (4,961 ft)
Listing	List of volcanoes in Iceland
Coordinates	63°38′N 19°03′W / 63.633°N 19.050°W
Geography
	Katla Iceland
Geology
Mountain type	Subglacial volcano
Last eruption	October 12, 1918 (Major); July 17, 1999 (Minor)
	Selected geological features near the Katla central volcano and its Eldgjá fissure swarm (red outlines). Other shading shows: calderas, central volcanoes and fissure swarms, subglacial terrain above 1,100 m (3,600 ft), and seismically active areas. Clicking on the image enlarges to full window and enables mouse-over with more detail.

Katla (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰahtla] ^ⓘ) is an active volcano in southern Iceland. This volcano has been very active historically with at least twenty documented major eruptions since 2920 BC. In its recent history though, Katla has been less active as the last major eruption occurred in 1918. These eruptions have had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of between 4 and 5 on a scale of 0 to 8. In comparison, the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption had a VEI of 4. Larger VEI-5 eruptions are comparable to Mount St. Helens 1980 eruption. Several smaller (minor) eruptions measuring VEI-1 and below have occurred since, with the most recent being in 1999.^[4]

Katla is one of the largest volcanic sources of carbon dioxide (CO₂) on Earth, accounting for up to 4% of total global volcanic carbon dioxide emissions.^[5] It has produced very large glacial outburst floods.

^ "Katla Volcano". Institute of Earth Sciences. University of Iceland. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
^ "Katla Volcano News". Retrieved 18 October 2014.
^ "Global Volcanism Program – Katla". Archived from the original on 22 April 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
^ Cite error: The named reference 2011 Remains dormant was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ilyinskaya, Evgenia; Mobbs, Stephen; Burton, Ralph; Burton, Mike; Pardini, Federica; Pfeffer, Melissa Anne; Purvis, Ruth; Lee, James; Bauguitte, Stéphane (2018). "Globally significant CO2 emissions from Katla, a subglacial volcano in Iceland" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (19): 10, 332–10, 341. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..4510332I. doi:10.1029/2018gl079096. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 52832814.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[uofi-1] "Katla Volcano". Institute of Earth Sciences. University of Iceland. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2010.

[1918_eruption-3] "Katla Volcano News". Retrieved 18 October 2014.

[History-5] "Global Volcanism Program – Katla". Archived from the original on 22 April 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2014.

[2011_Remains_dormant-6] Cite error: The named reference 2011 Remains dormant was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Ilyinskaya, Evgenia; Mobbs, Stephen; Burton, Ralph; Burton, Mike; Pardini, Federica; Pfeffer, Melissa Anne; Purvis, Ruth; Lee, James; Bauguitte, Stéphane (2018). "Globally significant CO2 emissions from Katla, a subglacial volcano in Iceland" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (19): 10, 332–10, 341. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..4510332I. doi:10.1029/2018gl079096. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 52832814.

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