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Kawasaki Ki-61

Ki-61 Hien
Role Fighter aircraft
Manufacturer Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K.
First flight December 1941
Introduction 1942
Retired 1945
Primary users Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Number built 3,078[1]
Developed from Kawasaki Ki-60
Developed into Kawasaki Ki-100
Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien with drop tank

The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (飛燕, "flying swallow") is a Japanese World War II fighter aircraft. Used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service, it was designated the "Army Type 3 Fighter" (三式戦闘機).[2] Allied intelligence initially believed Ki-61s were Messerschmitt Bf 109s and later an Italian Macchi C.202, which led to the Allied reporting name of "Tony", assigned by the United States War Department.[3] The design originated as a variant of the Kawasaki Ki-60, which never entered production. The Ki-61 became the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of the war to use a liquid-cooled inverted V engine. Over 3,000 Ki-61s were produced. Initial prototypes saw action over Yokohama during the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942, and continued to fly combat missions throughout the war.[4][5]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Francillon, 1979, p. 120 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Mondey 2006, p. 144.
  3. ^ Ethell 1995, p. 82.
  4. ^ Bueschel 1971, p. 7.
  5. ^ Bueschel 1971, p. 6.

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