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Kingdom of Mewar

This article is about the kingdom in Rajputana called the Kingdom of Mewar. For the natural and historical region, see Mewar.
"Udaipur State" redirects here. For the state with its capital in Dharamjaigarh, see Udaipur State, Chhattisgarh.

Kingdom of Mewar
566–1949
Flag of Kingdom of Mewar
Flag
Coat of arms of Kingdom of Mewar
Coat of arms
Motto: 
  • Jo drirha rakhe dharma koun tihin rakhe kartar
  • "The Almighty protects the one who upholds righteousness"
The Kingdom of Mewar at its greatest extent under the Sisodiya dynasty during the reign of Rana Sanga.
The Kingdom of Mewar at its greatest extent under the Sisodiya dynasty during the reign of Rana Sanga.
Capital
Common languagesMewari[4]
Religion
Hinduism
Government
Maharana 
• 566-586
Rawal Guhil
• 728-764
Bappa Rawal
• 1326-1364
Maharana Hammir Singh
• 1433-1468
Maharana Kumbha
• 1508-1528
Maharana Sanga
• 1572-1597
Maharana Pratap
• 1652-1680
Maharana Raj Singh
• 24 Nov 2024 - present
Vishvaraj Singh Mewar
History 
• Established
566
1949
Area
1901[5]33,030 km2 (12,750 sq mi)
1941[6]33,517 km2 (12,941 sq mi)
Population
• 1941[6]
1,926,698
Today part ofIndia
Pakistan

The Kingdom of Mewar was an independent Hindu kingdom that existed in the Rajputana region of the Indian subcontinent and later became a dominant state in medieval India.[7] The kingdom was initially founded and ruled by the Guhila dynasty, followed by its cadet branch, the Sisodia Dynasty.[8][9]

The earliest kingdom was centered around the south-central part of Rajasthan, state of India. It was bordered by the Aravali Range to the northwest, Ajmer to the north, Gujarat, Vagad and Malwa regions to the south and the Hadoti region to the east.[10]

Mewar rose to prominence in the reign of Bappa Rawal (7th century AD) known for his involvement in thwarting Arab incursions in India.[11] Over time, It became vassal to Imperial Pratihara, Paramaras and then to Chahamanas.[12][13] In the early 10th century, Mewar emerged as an independent state, actively battling neighboring powers and confronting the expansion of Delhi Sultanate until the fall of its capital Chittorgarh in 1303 against the latter, leading to the annihilation of Guhila Dynasty.[14][15]

The Sisodia dynasty, a junior branch of Guhilas, re-occupied Mewar in 1326, ushering in a golden age characterized by military prowess and territorial expansion.[16] Under the reigns of Maharana Kumbha and his grandson Maharana Sanga, Mewar achieved victories against Islamic States of Malwa, Gujarat, and Delhi particularly in Mewar-Malwa conflicts and Mewar- Delhi conflicts.[7][17] It also successfully fought off and vassalized neighboring Hindu kingdoms. At its zenith, it controlled large parts of Northern India. The kingdom faced decline following Maharana Sanga's death.[18] However, it continued to resist Mughal expansion, most notably under Maharana Pratap. Though it later became a tributary state with a significant degree of autonomy.[19] Sovereign leaders like Raj Singh and his successors led rebellions culminating in de facto independence for Mewar, notably Rathore Rebellion and Rajput-Mughal war (1708–1710).[20] Eventually, falling under Maratha Empire's influence and accepting British suzerainty in 1818, Mewar remained a princely state until it joined the Union of India in 1947.[21][22]

Mewar's legacy includes its prolonged resistance against the Islamic invasion and traditions like Jauhar (self-immolation) witnessed during the time of defeats.[23][24] The Kingdom, primarily a Hindu state, patronized Jainism and Buddhism. Among the Mewar's, UNESCO World Heritage Sites are Kumbhalgarh and Chittorgarh, described variously as the jewels of Rajput architect in India. Udaipur, also known as the city of lakes and one of the largest cities of the North India was also founded by the Rana of Mewar, Udai Singh II.[25]

  1. ^ a b c Bhattacharya, A.N. (2000). Human Geography of Mewar. Himanshu Publications. ISBN 9788186231906.
  2. ^ Agarwal, B.D. (1979). Rajasthan District Gazetteers, Udaipur. Jaipur: Directorate of District Gazetteers.
  3. ^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, pp. 245.
  4. ^ Ojha, Gaurishankar Hirachand (1990). उदयपुर राज्य का इतिहास [History of Udaipur State]. Rajasthani Granthagar.
  5. ^ Bannerman, A.D. (1902). Census of India 1901, Vol. XXV-A, Rajputana, Part II Imperial Tables (PDF). Newal Kishore Press.
  6. ^ a b Dashora, Yamunalal (8 March 2024). Mewar in 1941 or A Summary of Census Statistics. R.C. Sharma.
  7. ^ a b Bhatnagar, V.S (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743. Impex India. p. 6.
  8. ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1995). Maharana Kumbha and His TImes. Jaipur Publishing House. p. 4.
  9. ^ Majumdar, R.C (1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 326.
  10. ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar: from earliest times to 1751 A.D. C.L. Ranka, Jaipur. p. 1.
  11. ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar from the Earliest Time to 1751 A.D. p. 45.
  12. ^ Majumdar, R,C (1977). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 300. ISBN 978-81-208-0436-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Narain Seth, Krishna (27 May 1978). The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa. p. 94.
  14. ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar From Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. p. 51.
  15. ^ Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and Co. p. 308. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
  16. ^ Majumdar, R.C (1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate. Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 327.
  17. ^ Mankekar, D.R (1976). Mewar Saga. Vikas Publishing House. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7069-0416-1.
  18. ^ Mankekar, D.R (1976). Mewar Saga. Vikas Publishing House. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7069-0416-1.
  19. ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals (1206–1526). Har-Anand Publications. p. 123. ISBN 9788124110669.
  20. ^ Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and Co. pp. 595–625. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
  21. ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar Frlom Earliest Time To 1751 A.D. pp. 338–339.
  22. ^ Bhattacharya, Manoshi (2008). The Royal Rajputs. Rupa and Co. pp. 42–46. ISBN 978-81-291-1127-2.
  23. ^ Sharma, G.N (1954). Mewar and the Mughal Emperors. Shiva Lal Agarwala.
  24. ^ Cashman, Richard I. (1975). The myth of the Lokamanya : Tilak and mass politics in Maharashtra. Internet Archive. Berkeley : University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-520-02407-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  25. ^ Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and CO. pp. 462–463. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.

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