Kingdom of Pergamon

Kingdom of Pergamon
approx. 282 BC–129 BC
Coat of arms
Pergamon in 188 BC
Capital	Pergamon (modern-day Bergama, İzmir, Turkey)
Common languages	Greek Lycian, Carian, Lydian
Religion	Greek Polytheism, Hellenistic Religion
Government	Monarchy
Basileus
• 282–263 BC	Philetaerus
• 263–241 BC	Eumenes I
• 241–197 BC	Attalus I
• 197–159 BC	Eumenes II
• 160–138 BC	Attalus II
• 138–133 BC	Attalus III
• 133–129 BC	Eumenes III
Historical era	Hellenistic period
• Philetaerus takes control of the city of Pergamon	approx. 282 BC
• Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic	133 BC
• Incorporated into Roman province of Asia after the defeat of Eumenes III Aristonicus	129 BC
Preceded by Succeeded by Seleucid Empire Lysimachian Empire Roman Republic

The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon. It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and took the city of Pergamon and its environs with him; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC. The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent. It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants. It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.