Total population | |
---|---|
About 500,000 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Uzbekistan | 174,200[1] |
Russia | 153,156[2] |
Kazakhstan | 102,804[3] |
Kyrgyzstan | 17,094[4] |
Ukraine | 12,711[5] |
Turkmenistan | 2,500[6] |
Tajikistan | 634[7] |
Belarus | 400[8] |
Estonia | 208[9] |
Languages | |
Russian, Koryo-mar | |
Religion | |
Orthodox Christianity along with Buddhism, Protestantism, Catholicism, Islam and others[10] | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Koreans, Sakhalin Koreans |
Koryo-saram | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Korean name | |||||||
Hangul | 고려사람 | ||||||
Hanja | 高麗사람 | ||||||
| |||||||
South Korean name | |||||||
Hangul | 고려인 | ||||||
Hanja | 高麗人 | ||||||
| |||||||
Russian name | |||||||
Russian | Корё сарам | ||||||
Romanization | Koryo saram |
Koryo-saram (Korean: 고려사람; Russian: Корё сарам) or Koryoin (Koryo-mar: 고려인) are ethnic Koreans of the former Soviet Union, who descend from Koreans that were living in the Russian Far East.
In 1937, the Korean population in the Russian Far East was deported to Central Asia. A number of early Koryo-saram were significant Korean independence activists during the Japanese colonial period, such as Hong Beom-do and Chŏng Sang-chin. They have since dispersed throughout the former Soviet Union, with significant populations in Siberia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
Approximately 500,000 Koryo-saram reside in the former Soviet Union, primarily in the now-independent states of Central Asia. There are also large Korean communities in Southern Russia (around Volgograd), the Russian Far East (around Vladivostok), the Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and southern Ukraine. While the ability to speak Korean has become increasingly rare amongst modern Koryo-saram, they have retained some elements of Korean culture, including Korean names. Koryo-saram cuisine has become popular throughout the former Soviet Union, with the dish morkovcha now widely available in grocery stores there. A significant number of Koryo-saram have either moved temporarily or permanently to South Korea for economic or cultural reasons. The Russo-Ukrainian War, especially the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, has motivated several thousand Korean Ukrainians to move to South Korea for safety.[11][12]
There is also a separate ethnic Korean community on the island of Sakhalin, typically referred to as Sakhalin Koreans. Some may identify as Koryo-saram, but many do not. This has led to the term materikovye (материковые) for Koryo-saram, meaning "continental Koreans".[13] Unlike the communities on the Russian mainland primarily descended from Koreans who arrived in the late 19th century and early 20th century, the ancestors of the Sakhalin Koreans were laborers from Japanese Korea, mostly from the southern provinces, who were moved there in the late 1930s and early 1940s.[14]
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