Kourotrophos

Kourotrophos (Greek: κουροτρόφος 'child nurturer') is the name that was given in ancient Greece to gods and goddesses whose properties included their ability to protect young people. Numerous gods are referred to by the epithet such as Athena, Apollo, Hermes, Hecate, Aphrodite, Artemis, Eileithyia,^[1] Demeter, Gaia, Cephissus and Asclepius.^[2] They were usually depicted holding an infant in their arms.^[3] Deianeria and Ariadne were occasional shown on vases with their children, Hyllus and Staphylos and Oenopion respectively, but there is no evidence that there was a cult around them as kourotrophic figures.^[4]

Kourotrophos was also the name of a goddess or goddesses worshiped independently in shrines of their own.^[5] For example, Kourotrophos was a deity of the city of Athens but was not among the major Olympian deities. She appeared as the protector of children and young people and a sanctuary built on her name in honor of the cult, the so-called Kourotropheion.^[3] Kourotrophos was a major figure of cult, appearing in sacrifice groups connected with fertility and child care.^[6]

Kourotrophos is similar to the Dea Gravida, which are figures representing either a goddesses or woman who is visibly pregnant.^[7]

^ Wise, Susan (2007). Childbirth Votives and Rituals in Ancient Greece (PhD). University of Cincinnati.
^ Lesley A. Beaumont (2013). Childhood in Ancient Athens: Iconography and Social History. Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 978-0415248747.
^ ^a ^b Lampsas Giannis, Dictionary of the Ancient World (Lexiko tou Archaiou Kosmou), Vol. III, Athens, Domi Publications, 1984, p. 247.
^ Hadzisteliou Price, Theodora (1978). Kourotrophos: Cults and Representations of the Greek Nursing Deities. Netherlands: Brill Archive. ISBN 90-04-05251-8.
^ Harvey Alan Shapiro, Art, Myth, and Culture, Greek Vases from Southern Collections
^ Oxford Reference.
^ Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2014). Images of Woman and Child from the Bronze Age: Reconsidering Fertility, Maternity, and Gender in the Ancient World. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 221. ISBN 9781107660328.

[1] Wise, Susan (2007). Childbirth Votives and Rituals in Ancient Greece (PhD). University of Cincinnati.

[2] Lesley A. Beaumont (2013). Childhood in Ancient Athens: Iconography and Social History. Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 978-0415248747.

[A-3] Lampsas Giannis, Dictionary of the Ancient World (Lexiko tou Archaiou Kosmou), Vol. III, Athens, Domi Publications, 1984, p. 247.

[4] Hadzisteliou Price, Theodora (1978). Kourotrophos: Cults and Representations of the Greek Nursing Deities. Netherlands: Brill Archive. ISBN 90-04-05251-8.

[5] Harvey Alan Shapiro, Art, Myth, and Culture, Greek Vases from Southern Collections

[6] Oxford Reference.

[7] Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2014). Images of Woman and Child from the Bronze Age: Reconsidering Fertility, Maternity, and Gender in the Ancient World. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 221. ISBN 9781107660328.

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