Leak detection

Pipeline leak detection is used to determine if (and in some cases where) a leak has occurred in systems which contain liquids and gases. Methods of detection include hydrostatic testing, tracer-gas leak testing, infrared, laser technology, and acoustic or sonar technologies. Some technologies are used only during initial pipeline installation and commissioning, while other technologies can be used for continuous monitoring during service.

Pipeline networks are a mode of transportation for oil, gases, and other fluid products. As a means of long-distance transport, pipelines have to fulfill high demands of safety, reliability and efficiency. If properly maintained, pipelines can last indefinitely without leaks. Some significant leaks that do occur are caused by damage from nearby excavation, but most leaks are caused by corrosion and equipment failure and incorrect operation.^[1] If a pipeline is not properly maintained, it can corrode, particularly at construction joints, low points where moisture collects, or locations with imperfections in the pipe. Other reasons for leaks include exterior force damage (such as damage by car collisions or drilling rigs) and natural forces (such as earth movement, heavy rain and flooding, lightning, and temperature).^[1]