Lev Chernyi

Lev Chernyi
Lev Chernyi
Лев Чёрный
	Chernyi, c. 1923
Born	Pavel Dmitrievich Turchaninov; 28 February [O.S. 16 February] 1878; Smolensk, Russian Empire
Died	21 September 1921 (aged 43); Moscow, Russian Soviet Republic
Cause of death	Execution by shooting
Education	Moscow University
Occupation	Writer
Notable work	Associational Anarchism
Political party	Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups
Movement	Individualist anarchism
Criminal charges	Counterfeiting
Criminal penalty	Capital punishment
Partner	Nina Yagodina
Relatives	Sergei Turchaninov (brother)

Pavel Dmitrievich Turchaninov (Russian: Па́вел Дми́триевич Турчани́нов, IPA: [ˈpavʲɪl ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕ tʊrtɕɪˈnʲinəf]; 1878–1921), commonly known by his pseudonym Lev Chernyi (Russian: Лев Чёрный, IPA: [ˈlʲef ˈtɕɵrnɨj] ^ⓘ) was a Russian individualist anarchist. Having joined the anarchist movement during the Russian Revolution of 1905, during which he developed his individualist theory of "associational anarchism", Chernyi was arrested and exiled to Siberia for his revolutionary activities. After several escape attempts, one of which resulted in mutinous exiles capturing Turukhansk, he managed to flee to Paris, where he stayed until the Russian Revolution of 1917. After returning to Russia, he acted as secretary for the Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups and organised the Black Guards, the federation's armed wing. As political repression against anarchists intensified after the Bolsheviks took power, Chernyi joined an underground anarchist group, which bombed a Russian Communist Party meeting. In 1921, Chernyi and Fanya Baron were arrested on charges of counterfeiting and were executed by shooting by the Cheka.