Back الجبهة الشامية Arabic Levante-Front German Frente del Levante Spanish جبهه شامیه Persian Front du Levant French Pêşeriya Şamê Kurdish Şam Cephesi Turkish 沙姆阵线 Chinese

Levant Front

Levant Front
الجبهة الشامية
Jabhat al-Shamiyah
Leaders
  • Abu Amr (emir)[1][2]
  • Colonel Muhammad al-Ahmad (spokesman)[3]
  • Muhammad Abu Ibrahim (military commander)[4]
  • Abu Ahmad al-Jazrawi[5]
Dates of operation25 December 2014[6] – 18 April 2015;
18 June 2015 – 29 January 2025
Group(s)
  • Northern Storm Brigade[7]
  • Ahrar Mennagh[7]
  • Emergency Force[7]
  • Northern Knights Brigade[7]
  • Soldiers of Islam Brigade[7]
  • Soldiers of Levant Brigade[7][8]
  • Conquest Brigade (left in December 2022, as part of Ahrar al-Tawid, rejoined separately by May 2023)[7][9]
  • Ahrar al-Tawhid (component groups left to form the faction in December 2022, before rejoining as one in April 2024)[9][10]
  • Azaz Falcons Brigade (left NSB in May 2023, rejoined as an independent faction in April 2024)[9][10]
  • Martyr Ibrahim Radwan Battalion (left NSB in May 2023, rejoined as an independent faction in April 2024)[11]
  • the Masaab Abu az-Zuber Battalion (left NSB in May 2023, rejoined as an independent faction in April 2024)[11]
  • Muthanna Battalion (left NSB in May 2023, rejoined as an independent faction in April 2024)[11]
  • Suqour al-Sham Brigades-Eastern Sector (left to join the Liberation and Construction Movement in February 2022, dissolved back into the LF in October 2024)[12]
  • Ahrar al-Sham Eastern Sector[13][14] (left to fully rejoin Ahrar al-Sham in June 2022, briefly rejoined in April 2024, joined the Al-Shahba Gathering[9] until its dissolution[10] before leaving once again to join the Maghawir al-Sham in June)[citation needed]
  • Northern Falcons Brigade (joined in May 2024, forced to leave and dissolve in October 2024 by the SIG)[15][10]
  • Sajidun Lillah Brigades (left to join the 51st Division in October 2024)[7][16]
  • 5th Regiment (left to join the 51st Division in October 2024)[16]
HeadquartersAzaz, Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Active regionsAleppo Governorate, Syria
IdeologySunni Islamism[6][17]
Size8,000[18] (December 2016, Russian military claim)
Part ofSyrian opposition Free Syrian Army (since 2016)[19]
Syrian opposition Syrian National Army Fatah Halab[citation needed] (until 2016)
Jaysh Halab[citation needed] (until 2016)[20]
Mare' Operations Room (until 2016)[21]
Hawar Kilis Operations Room
Allies Turkey (until 2024)
Sham Legion
Syrian Turkmen Brigades (sometimes)
Syrian opposition Other FSA groups in northern Aleppo
Opponents Ba'athist Syria
Syrian Democratic Forces
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[22]
Tahrir al-Sham
Liwa Ahfad Saladin
Ahrar al-Sharqiya
Hazzm Movement (March 2015)
Ahrar al-Sham[5]
 Turkey (since 2024)
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War

The Levant Front (Arabic: الجبهة الشامية, romanized: al-Jabhat aš-Šāmiyya, Jabhat al-Shamiyah, also translated as the Sham Front or the Levantine Front)[26] was a Syrian revolutionary group based around Aleppo involved in the Syrian Civil War. It was formed in December 2014.

The northern branch of the Levant Front is part of the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army. The Netherlands' public prosecutor declared it to be a terrorist organisation in 2018, despite the Dutch government having earlier provided it with support.[27][28]

At the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference, which was held on 29 January 2025, most factions of the armed opposition, including the Levant Front, announced their dissolution and were incorporated into the newly formed Ministry of Defense.[29]

  1. ^ Charles Lister [@Charles_Lister] (18 June 2015). "After many internal issues (much funding-related), the #Aleppo-based Jabhat al-Shamiya is officially back. #Syria" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  2. ^ Charles Lister [@Charles_Lister] (18 June 2015). "PT: Jabhat al-Shamiya's new leader is its former military chief, Abu Amr: Ahrar al-Sham commander & former Sednayya" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  3. ^ Ahmad Zakariyah (16 March 2017). "FSA Commanders confirm the Syrian revolution will continue until achieving its goals". RFS Media Office. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  4. ^ "Turkey-backed rebels aim for key ISIS-held town". Now News. 25 August 2016. Archived from the original on 15 January 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
  5. ^ a b John Davison; Suleiman Al-Khalidi (6 December 2015). "Clashes between Syrian fighters pose challenge for Turkey, U.S." Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  6. ^ a b "The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (21 November 2019). "The Structure of the Syrian National Army". Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  8. ^ Barić, Joško (8 June 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 8th of June 2017".
  9. ^ a b c d e "Shahba Gathering: Is HTS organizing its own militia in north Aleppo? Part I". Sasha Hoffman. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Al-Shahba Gathering leadership announces its dissolution in Aleppo countryside". Enab Baladi. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
  11. ^ a b c "Shahba Gathering: Is HTS organizing its own militia in north Aleppo? Part II". North Press Agency. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2025.
  12. ^ "Renewed Fighting Between Syrian Oppostion Factions in Aleppo Countryside". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. 2 October 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
  13. ^ "Turkish tanks and spec ops attack Islamic State forces in Syria". militarytimes.com. 24 August 2016.
  14. ^ "Photographic image" (JPG). Pbs.twing.com. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Arranging papers and reviewing strategies... a test that charts the course of the "Sham Front"". Syria.tv. 31 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2025.
  16. ^ a b "Arranging papers and reviewing strategies... a test that charts the course of the "Sham Front"". Syria.tv. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference amnesty was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ "List of armed formations, which joined the ceasefire in the Syrian Arab Republic on December 30, 2016". Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. 30 December 2016.
  19. ^ "Free Syrian Army – Statement". RFS Media Office. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  20. ^ archicivilians [@archicivilians] (16 February 2016). "#Syria: New coalition of the major Opposition forces in #Aleppo, led by Hashim al-Sheikh (former Ahrar Sham leader)" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ a b "Aleppo's rebels brace for IS assault". Al-Monitor. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  23. ^ "Scores killed as opposition fighters launched new formation in Syria's Aleppo". ARA News. 29 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  24. ^ Orwa Ajjoub (26 October 2022). "HTS, Turkey, and the future of Syria's north". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  25. ^ "'Deter the Aggression': What is behind the new rebel offensive in northwest Syria?". The New Arab. 28 November 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
  26. ^ "Syrian rebel groups in Aleppo enter alliance: monitoring group". Reuters. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ "Syrian Leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa Delivers 'Victory Speech,' Outlines Syria's Future Roadmap, Announces Dissolution Of Ba'ath Party, Armed Factions Into New 'Syrian Army'; Military Operations Command Declares Al-Sharaa President Of Syria During Transitional Phase". MEMRI. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

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