Line 3 pipeline

The Line 3 pipeline is an oil pipeline owned by the Canadian multinational Enbridge. Operating since 1968, it runs 1,031 miles (1,659 km) from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada to Superior, Wisconsin, United States.

Concerns about the safety of the pipeline led Enbridge to reduce its capacity. Over its history, the pipeline has been the source of millions of gallons of oil spills, including a 1991 oil spill in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, that was the worst inland oil spill in U.S. history. In 2014 Enbridge proposed the construction of a new pipeline segment along a different route in Minnesota which would increase the volume of oil that could be transported.^[4] The replacement pipeline has been completed in Canada,^[5] Wisconsin,^[6] North Dakota,^[7] and Minnesota.^[8] Permitting and construction of the new pipeline has been met with resistance from Native American communities and climate justice groups.^[9] Despite protests, the expansion was operational by 1 October, 2021.^[10]