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List of International Space Station spacewalks

A computer-generated image of a mechanical object floating above a blue planet exhibiting white clouds all under a black expanse
An artist's rendering from 2006 of the fully assembled International Space Station, as it would appear from a spacecraft flying overhead
An astronaut in a white spacesuit with a red, white, and blue flag on the left shoulder in the foreground with a black background
Jerry Ross during one of the first spacewalks that began assembly of the International Space Station

On the International Space Station (ISS), extravehicular activities are major events in the building and maintaining of the orbital laboratory,[1] and are performed to install new components, re-wire systems, modules, and equipment, and to monitor, install, and retrieve scientific experiments.[2][3]

An artist's rendering from 2023 of the fully assembled International Space Station

Due to the complexity of building a station in space, space agencies train astronauts extensively, preparing them to encounter surprises during spacewalks, teaching them how to assemble special tools and equipment, and carefully coordinating every activity during spacewalks.[1] From 1998 to 2005, thirty-seven Space Shuttle missions were scheduled to assemble, outfit and begin experiments and research aboard the station.[1]

The initial spacewalk to begin the assembly of the International Space Station was held on 7 December 1998,[4] following the launch of the first section of the station, Zarya, from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on 20 November 1998.[5] The spacewalk attached the U.S.-built Unity node to Zarya.[4] The longest spacewalk was performed on 11 March 2001, when STS-102 crew members Susan J. Helms and James S. Voss conducted a full spacewalk, and then returned to the airlock, but remained in their suits ready to exit the airlock again in case the robotics operations ran into problems. The total time for that spacewalk was eight hours and fifty-six minutes.[6]

As of 2 December 2021, there have been 245 spacewalks devoted to assembly and maintenance of the International Space Station totaling 1548 hours and 26 minutes. Thirty-seven of those spacewalks were performed from a shuttle, ninety-three from the Quest Joint Airlock, thirty-two from the Pirs docking compartment, and two from the transfer compartment at the forward end of the Zvezda service module.[7][8]

*denotes spacewalks performed from the Pirs docking compartment in Russian Orlan suits.
^denotes spacewalks performed from the Poisk module in Russian Orlan suits.
†denotes spacewalks performed from the visiting Space Shuttle's airlock.
‡denotes the one EVA and one IVA performed from the transfer compartment at the forward end of the Zvezda Service Module.
All other spacewalks were performed from the Quest airlock.
ISS Expedition spacewalks are separated from shuttle spacewalks by a separator.

  1. ^ a b c "Space Station Extravehicular Activity". NASA. 15 December 1998. Archived from the original on 2 May 1999. Retrieved 3 October 2008. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Preparing for Hands-On Construction in Outer Space". NASA. 22 June 1998. Archived from the original on 23 August 1999. Retrieved 3 October 2008. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ "A New Generation of Space Robotics". NASA. Archived from the original on 23 August 1999. Retrieved 3 October 2008. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ a b "STS-88 Day 5 Highlights". NASA. 7 December 1998. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2008. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ Wade, Mark (12 March 2001). "ISS Zarya". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  6. ^ "STS-102 Day 4 Highlights". NASA. 11 March 2001. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2008. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Exp18EVA1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ ISS status report 12/23/08 states that sixty-six EVAs have been from Quest. However, all NASA references verify that only sixty-five EVAs have been from Quest, as of the Expedition 18 EVA on 112 March 2009.

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