Liver regeneration

Liver regeneration is the process by which the liver is able to replace damaged or lost liver tissue. The liver is the only visceral organ with the capacity to regenerate.^[1]^[2] The liver can regenerate after partial hepatectomy or injury due to hepatotoxic agents such as certain medications, toxins, or chemicals.^[3] Only 51% of the original liver mass is required for the organ to regenerate back to full size.^[2]^[4] The phenomenon of liver regeneration is seen in all vertebrates, from humans to fish.^[5] The liver manages to restore any lost mass and adjust its size to that of the organism, while at the same time providing full support for body homeostasis during the entire regenerative process.^[5] The process of regeneration in mammals is mainly compensatory growth or hyperplasia because while the lost mass of the liver is replaced, it does not regain its original shape.^[6] During compensatory hyperplasia, the remaining liver tissue becomes larger so that the organ can continue to function. In lower species such as fish, the liver can regain both its original size and mass.^[7]

^ Prakash, Y. S., ed. (2011-01-31). Comprehensive Physiology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120014. ISBN 978-0-470-65071-4.
^ ^a ^b Michalopoulos, George K.; DeFrances, Marie C. (1997-04-04). "Liver Regeneration". Science. 276 (5309): 60–66. doi:10.1126/science.276.5309.60. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9082986.
^ Mehendale, Harihara M. (January 2005). "Tissue Repair: An Important Determinant of Final Outcome of Toxicant-Induced Injury". Toxicologic Pathology. 33 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1080/01926230590881808. ISSN 0192-6233. PMID 15805055.
^ Fausto, Nelson; Campbell, Jean S.; Riehle, Kimberly J. (February 2006). "Liver Regeneration". Hepatology. 43: S45–S53. doi:10.1002/hep.20969. ISSN 0270-9139. PMID 16447274.
^ ^a ^b Michalopoulos, George K. (November 2007). "Liver regeneration". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 213 (2): 286–300. doi:10.1002/jcp.21172. ISSN 0021-9541. PMC 2701258. PMID 17559071.
^ Fausto, Nelson (January 2000). "Liver regeneration". Journal of Hepatology. 32 (1 Suppl): 19–31. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80412-2. ISSN 0168-8278. PMID 10728791.
^ Chu, Jaime; Sadler, Kirsten C. (November 2009). "New school in liver development: Lessons from zebrafish". Hepatology. 50 (5): 1656–1663. doi:10.1002/hep.23157. PMC 3093159. PMID 19693947.

[1] Prakash, Y. S., ed. (2011-01-31). Comprehensive Physiology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120014. ISBN 978-0-470-65071-4.

[:0-2] Michalopoulos, George K.; DeFrances, Marie C. (1997-04-04). "Liver Regeneration". Science. 276 (5309): 60–66. doi:10.1126/science.276.5309.60. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9082986.

[3] Mehendale, Harihara M. (January 2005). "Tissue Repair: An Important Determinant of Final Outcome of Toxicant-Induced Injury". Toxicologic Pathology. 33 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1080/01926230590881808. ISSN 0192-6233. PMID 15805055.

[4] Fausto, Nelson; Campbell, Jean S.; Riehle, Kimberly J. (February 2006). "Liver Regeneration". Hepatology. 43: S45–S53. doi:10.1002/hep.20969. ISSN 0270-9139. PMID 16447274.

[:1-5] Michalopoulos, George K. (November 2007). "Liver regeneration". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 213 (2): 286–300. doi:10.1002/jcp.21172. ISSN 0021-9541. PMC 2701258. PMID 17559071.

[6] Fausto, Nelson (January 2000). "Liver regeneration". Journal of Hepatology. 32 (1 Suppl): 19–31. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80412-2. ISSN 0168-8278. PMID 10728791.

[7] Chu, Jaime; Sadler, Kirsten C. (November 2009). "New school in liver development: Lessons from zebrafish". Hepatology. 50 (5): 1656–1663. doi:10.1002/hep.23157. PMC 3093159. PMID 19693947.

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