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M.2

For other uses, see M2.
"NGFF" redirects here. For the Next Generation Small Form Factor (aka NF1/M.3), see NGSFF. For the Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor, see EDSFF.

M.2
An M.2 2280 solid-state drive (SSD), 22 mm wide and 80 mm long with the key in the M position
Connects toMotherboard via one of:
Common manufacturersIntel
Phison
Realtek
Samsung
Silicon Motion
SK Hynix
Design firmPCI-SIG
IntroducedNovember 1, 2013 (2013-11-01)
Dimensions
  • Width: 22 mm (0.87 in)
  • Lengths: 30, 42, 60, 80 or 110 mm (1.2, 1.7, 2.4, 3.1 or 4.3 in)
A size comparison of an mSATA SSD (left) and an M.2 2242 SSD (right)

M.2 (pronounced "M-dot-2"),[1] formerly known as the Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), is a specification for internally mounted computer expansion cards and connectors. It was developed to replace the older Mini SATA (mSATA) and Mini PCIe (mPCIe) standards.

M.2 supports a variety of module sizes and interface types, offering greater flexibility for modern devices. It is widely used in compact systems such as ultrabooks and tablet computers, particularly for solid-state drives (SSDs), due to its smaller size and higher performance compared to mSATA.[2][3][4]

The M.2 connector can provide multiple interface options, including up to four lanes of PCI Express, as well as Serial ATA 3.0 and USB 3.0. The supported interfaces vary depending on the device and host implementation. M.2 modules and slots use different "keying" notches to indicate supported interfaces and to prevent incompatible installations.[2][3][5]

For storage devices, M.2 supports both the older Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) and the newer NVM Express (NVMe) protocols. AHCI provides compatibility with legacy SATA-based systems and operating systems, while NVMe is designed for high-speed SSDs and allows for much faster performance by supporting multiple simultaneous I/O operations.[2]: 14 [6]

  1. ^ Gillis, Alexander S. (July 2021). "Definition: M.2 SSD". TechTarget. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Handy, Jim; Tanguy, Jon; May, Jaren; Akerson, David; Kim, Eden; Coughlin, Tom (20 September 2014). "SNIA Webcast: All About M.2 SSDs" (PDF). SNIA. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b "SATA M.2 Card". SATA-IO. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  4. ^ Kyrnin, Mark. "What Is M.2? New Interface and Form Factor For Compact SSD Drives in Laptops and Desktops". compreviews.about.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  5. ^ "M.2 Connector (NGFF) Introduction" (PDF). ATTEND. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  6. ^ Landsman, Dave (9 August 2013). "AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview" (PDF). SATA-IO. Retrieved 15 July 2015.

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