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MPEG-1 Audio Layer II

Not to be confused with MPEG-2.
MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II
Filename extension
.mp2, .mpa, .m2a, .mp2a
Internet media type
audio/mpeg,[1] audio/MPA[2]
Developed byPhilips and others
Initial release6 December 1991 (1991-12-06)[3]
Latest release
ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998
April 1998 (1998-04)
Type of formatLossy audio
Contained byMPEG-ES
StandardISO/IEC 11172-3,[4] ISO/IEC 13818-3[5]
Open format?Yes
Free format?Expired patents[6]
Websitehttp://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-1/audio.html

MP2 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam[7]) is a lossy audio compression format. It is standardised as one of the three audio codecs of MPEG-1 alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I (MP1) and MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3). The MP2 abbreviation is also used as a common file extension for files containing this type of audio data, or its extended variant MPEG-2 Audio Layer II.

MPEG-1 Audio Layer II was developed by Philips, CCETT and IRT as the MUSICAM algorithm, as part of the European-funded Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) project.[8] Alongside its use on DAB broadcasts, the codec has been adopted as the standard audio format for Video CD and Super Video CD media, and also for HDV.[9] On the other hand, MP3 (which was developed by a rival collaboration led by Fraunhofer Society called ASPEC) gained more widespread acceptance for PC and Internet applications. MP2 compresses less than MP3, but therefore also has less computational demands.[10]

  1. ^ M. Nilsson (November 2000). The audio/mpeg Media Type. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3003. RFC 3003. Proposed Standard.
  2. ^ S. Casner; P. Hoschka (July 2003). MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3555. RFC 3555. Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC 4855 and 4856. Updated by RFC 3625 and 4629.
  3. ^ Patel K, Smith BC, Rowe LA (1993-09-01). "Performance of a software MPEG video decoder". Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '93. ACM Multimedia. New York City: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 75–82. doi:10.1145/166266.166274. ISBN 978-0-89791-596-0. S2CID 3773268. Reference 3 in the paper is to Committee Draft of Standard ISO/IEC 11172, December 6, 1991.
  4. ^ "ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 – Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s — Part 3: Audio". ISO. 1993. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  5. ^ "ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995 – Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information — Part 3: Audio". ISO. 1995. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  6. ^ MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Layer II Audio Encoding (Partial draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  7. ^ "MPEG Audio FAQ Version 9". 1998. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  8. ^ "Audio Coding". web.archive.org. 2002-04-06. Retrieved 2025-04-17.
  9. ^ Techopedia (16 February 2015). "MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2)". techopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  10. ^ "MPEG-1 Audio Layer II - Glossary". DevX. Retrieved 2025-04-17.

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