Macrophage migration inhibitory factor

MIF
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1CA7, 1CGQ, 1GCZ, 1GD0, 1GIF, 1LJT, 1MIF, 1P1G, 2OOH, 2OOW, 2OOZ, 3B9S, 3CE4, 3DJH, 3DJI, 3HOF, 3IJG, 3IJJ, 3JSF, 3JSG, 3JTU, 3L5P, 3L5R, 3L5S, 3L5T, 3L5U, 3L5V, 3SMB, 3SMC, 3U18, 4ETG, 4EUI, 4EVG, 4F2K, 4GRN, 4GRO, 4GRP, 4GRQ, 4GRR, 4GRU, 3WNR, 3WNS, 3WNT, 4K9G, 4OSF, 4OYQ, 4P01, 4P0H, 4WR8, 4WRB, 4PKZ, 4PLU, 4TRF, 4TRU, 4XX7, 4XX8, 5BS9, 5BSC, 5BSI, 5EIZ, 5HVV, 5CG4, 5J7Q, 5BSJ, 5HVT, 4PKK, 5B4O, 5HVS, 5J7P
Identifiers
Aliases	MIF, GIF, GLIF, Mmacrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), macrophage migration inhibitory factor
External IDs	OMIM: 153620; MGI: 96982; HomoloGene: 55655; GeneCards: MIF; OMA:MIF - orthologs
EC number	5.3.3.12
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human)[1] Band 22q11.23 Start 23,894,383 bp[1] End 23,895,227 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10 38.59 cM|10 C1 Start 75,695,187 bp[2] End 75,696,074 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in anterior pituitary right adrenal gland renal cortex left adrenal gland superior frontal gyrus Brodmann area 9 left adrenal cortex C1 segment right uterine tube right adrenal cortex Top expressed in embryo embryo otic placode otic vesicle somite maxillary prominence abdominal wall mandibular prominence epiblast migratory enteric neural crest cell More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function cytokine activity isomerase activity protein binding chemoattractant activity phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity signaling receptor binding dopachrome isomerase activity protease binding cytokine receptor binding identical protein binding Cellular component vesicle myelin sheath nucleoplasm extracellular region cell surface extracellular exosome cytoplasm cytosol secretory granule lumen ficolin-1-rich granule lumen extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator positive regulation of MAP kinase activity carboxylic acid metabolic process positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production immune system process positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process negative regulation of gene expression positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation protein homotrimerization positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion positive regulation of B cell proliferation positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response prostaglandin biosynthetic process innate immune response negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process inflammatory response cell population proliferation positive regulation of phosphorylation positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response leukocyte migration regulation of macrophage activation positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling positive chemotaxis neutrophil degranulation interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation of signaling receptor activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4282 17319 Ensembl ENSG00000276701 ENSG00000240972 ENSMUSG00000033307 UniProt P14174 P34884 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002415 NM_010798 RefSeq (protein) NP_002406 NP_002406.1 NP_034928 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 23.89 – 23.9 Mb Chr 10: 75.7 – 75.7 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), also known as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIF gene.^[5][6] MIF is an important regulator of innate immunity.^[7] The MIF protein superfamily also includes a second member with functionally related properties, the D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT).^[8] CD74 is a surface receptor for MIF.^[9]

Bacterial antigens stimulate white blood cells to release MIF into the blood stream.^[10] The circulating MIF binds to CD74 on other immune cells to trigger an acute immune response. Hence, MIF is classified as an inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, glucocorticoids also stimulate white blood cells to release MIF and hence MIF partially counteracts the inhibitory effects that glucocorticoids have on the immune system. Finally trauma activates the anterior pituitary gland to release MIF.^[11]