Majapahit ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ (Javanese) | |||||||||
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1292–1527 | |||||||||
![]() The extent of Majapahit influence according to the Deśavarṇana.[1] | |||||||||
Capital | Trowulan (now Mojokerto) | ||||||||
Common languages | |||||||||
Religion |
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Government | Mandala state ruled by a Maharaja | ||||||||
Maharaja | |||||||||
• 1293–1309 | Kṛtarājasa (raden Wijaya, Saṅgrāmavijaya) | ||||||||
• 1309–1328 | Sundarapāṇḍyadevādhīśvara (Jayanagara, Kalagemet) | ||||||||
• 1328–1350s | Tribhuvanottuṅgadevī Jayaviṣṇuvardhanī (dyah Gitārjā) | ||||||||
• 1350s–1389/1399[2] | Rājasanagara (dyah Hayam Wuruk, bhaṭāra Wekas ing Sukha, raden Tetep, dalang Tritaraju, Pager Antimun, Gagak Katawang, mpu Janeśvara) | ||||||||
• 1389/1399–1429 | Vikramavardhana (bhaṭāra Viśeṣa, raden Gagak Sali) | ||||||||
• 1429–1447 | Suhitā | ||||||||
• 1447–1451 | Vijayaparākramavardhana (Kṛtavijaya, bhre Tumapel) | ||||||||
• 1451–1453 | Rājasavardhana (dyah Vijayakumāra, sang Sinagara) | ||||||||
• 1456–1466 | Girīśavardhana (dyah Sūryavikrama) | ||||||||
• 1466–1478 | Siṅhavikramavardhana (dyah Suraprabhāva) | ||||||||
• c. 1486 | Girīndravardhana | ||||||||
• c. 1513 | Bhaṭāra Vijaya | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Founding of Majapahit | 1292 | ||||||||
• Demak takeover | 1527 | ||||||||
Currency | |||||||||
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Today part of |
History of Indonesia |
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Timeline |
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Majapahit (Javanese: ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; Javanese pronunciation: [mad͡ʒapaɪt] or [mɔd͡ʒɔpaɪt]), also known as Wilwatikta[note 2] (Javanese: ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; Javanese pronunciation: [wɪlwatɪkta]), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia).[4] It existed from 1292 to c. 1527 and reached its peak during the era of the queen Tribhuvana and her son Hayam Wuruk, whose reigns in the mid-14th century were marked by conquests that extended throughout Southeast Asia. This achievement is also credited to the famous prime minister Gajah Mada. According to the Deśavarṇana written in 1365, Majapahit was an empire of 98 tributaries, stretching from Sumatra to New Guinea;[5][6]: 87 [7] including territories in present-day Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, southern Thailand, Timor Leste, southwestern Philippines (in particular the Sulu Archipelago) although the scope of Majapahit sphere of influence is still the subject of debate among historians.[8][9] The nature of Majapahit's relations and influence upon its overseas vassals and also its status as an empire still provokes discussion.[1]
Majapahit was one of the last major Hindu-Buddhist empires of the region and is considered to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It is sometimes seen as the precedent for Indonesia's modern boundaries.[10]: 19 [11] Its influence extended beyond the modern territory of Indonesia and has been the subject of many studies.[12][13][14][15]
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