Malaysian Chinese

Malaysian Chinese people

马来西亚华人 / 馬來西亞華人 Orang Cina Malaysia மலேசிய சீனர்
Ethnic Chinese in traditional samfu attire with umbrella, c. 1945.
Total population
6,712,200[1] 22.8% of the Malaysian population (2022)[2]
Regions with significant populations
Malaysia Penang, Kedah, Perlis, Kuala Lumpur, Perak, Selangor, Johor, and Sarawak Significant diaspora in:  Australia  Christmas Island[3]  Singapore (338,500 in 2010)[4]  New Zealand[note 1]  United States  Canada  United Kingdom  Taiwan  Hong Kong[6]  Mainland China
Languages
Mandarin (lingua franca), Malay and English as medium of communication in schools and government Mothertongue languages: Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Fuzhou, Hainanese, Taishanese and Henghua; Manglish (creole)
Religion
Predominantly Mahāyāna Buddhism and Taoism (Chinese folk religion) • significant Christianity (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism) • Non-religious Minority Islam • Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Bruneian Chinese · Singaporean Chinese · Indonesian Chinese · Chinese Filipinos · Thai Chinese · Peranakans · Sino-Natives · Overseas Chinese

Malaysian Chinese, Chinese Malaysians, or Sino-Malaysians are Malaysian citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity. They form the second-largest ethnic group in Malaysia, after the Malay majority, and constitute 22.8% of the Malaysian total population. Today, Malaysian Chinese form the second largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world, after the Thai Chinese. Malaysian Chinese maintain a significant and substantial presence in the business sector of the Malaysian economy.

Most Malaysian Chinese are descendants of Southern Chinese immigrants who arrived in Malaysia between the early 19th and the mid-20th centuries before the country attained independence from British colonial rule. The majority originate from the provinces of Fujian and Lingnan (including the three modern provinces of Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi). They belong to diverse ethnic Han subgroups such as the Hokkien and Fuzhou from Fujian, the Teochew, Cantonese, and Hakka from Guangdong, the Hainanese from Hainan and Kwongsai from Guangxi. Most Malaysian Chinese have maintained their Han Chinese heritage, identity, culture and language.

Another group of Chinese migrants who arrived between the 13th and the 17th centuries heavily assimilated aspects of the indigenous Malay cultures and formed a distinct group known as the Peranakan in Kelantan and Terengganu, the Baba-Nyonya in Malacca and Penang, and as the Sino-Natives in Sabah. They exhibit a degree of intermarriage with native groups and are culturally distinct from the majority of the Malaysian Chinese but have recently begun to merge into the Malaysian Chinese mainstream.

The Malaysian Chinese are referred to as simply "Chinese" in Malaysian English, "Orang Cina" in Malay, "Sina" or "Kina" among indigenous groups in Borneo, "Cīṉar" (சீனர்) in Tamil, and "Huaren" (華人/华人, Chinese people), "Huaqiao" (華僑/华侨, Overseas Chinese),^[7] or "Huayi" (華裔/华裔, ethnic Chinese)^{[citation needed]} in Mandarin.

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